Full text of "Fauna hawaiiensis;"

See other formats

|ppi p| PP^ ■^■ yinys|;.| p, , i B pp p^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^ I. ... ^^ .1^ .. J _. i .. ^.^ .1 «^~^

fr. ■.'sr|iT!X?:fT^r^ ■ 'p r^*3«?iT^*^=MT*5Sf if¥^ ■.■'w*;'?;^''* ■ *■

QL
34 D
I' i

1,^

!■■■

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

llontJon: FETTER LANE, E.G.

C. F. CLAY, Manager

(!?t)mburgf) : loo, PRINCES STREET

HontJon: WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, 28, ESSEX STREET, STRAND

ISETim: A. ASHER AND CO.

Uetpjig: F. A. BROCKHAUS

^ebj liorit : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

ISombnj) ant CTalrntta : MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.

Ail rights reserved

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

BEING THE LAND-FAUNA OF THE
HAWAHAN ISLANDS

VOLUME III

BY VARIOUS AUTHORS

1 901 — 191

PUBLISHED IN SIX PARTS
EACH WITH A SEPARATE TITLE-PAGE

CAMBRIDGE
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

1913

©ambtiige :

PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

VOL. III. PART II.

DIPTERA (Supplement)

P. H. Grimshaw and p. Speiser

HEMIPTERA

G. W, KiRKALDY

Price Fottrteen Shillings.
To Subscribers Seven Shillings.

The Fauna Hawaiiensis is being published in parts at irregular inter-
vals, and will it is hoped be completed in three Volumes.

Contributions have been made or promised by the following, viz.

W. H. ASHMEAD

The Lord Avebury, F.R.S.
F. E. Beddard, F.R.S. ...

M. A. DOLLFUS

Prof, AUGUSTE FOREL

p. H. Grimshaw, F.E.S.

G. W. KiRKALDY, F.E.S.

E. Meyrick, F.Z.S.
R. C. L. Perkins, B.A.

R. I. POCOCK

D. Sharp, F.R.S. ...
A. E. Shipley, M.A.
M. EuG. Simon
The Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, F

E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S.

The Lord Walsingham, F.R.S.

R.S.

Hymenoptera Parasitica,

Thysanura and Collembola.

Earthworms.

Isopod Crustacea.

Forjnicidae.

Diptera.

Hemiptera.

Macrolepidoptera.

[Hymenoptera Aculeata, Orthoptera,
\ Neuroptera, and part of Coleoptera.

My7'iapoda.

Part of Coleoptera.

Parasitic Worms,

Arachnida.

Amphipod Crustacea,

Molltisca,

Microlepidoptera.

It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution,
in the Islands.

N.B. The parts of the three Volumes are being published concurrently in order
to expedite the completion of the work.

The price of each part will vary according to its extent and the number of Plates.
Subscribers to the whole work will be charged half-price for each part. The parts will
be sent, as published, to each subscriber who has paid for the preceding part.

Those who wish to be subscribers, should send name and address either directly to
C. J. Clay & Sons, Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane, London, E,C., or through
any bookseller. Payments for each part should also be made to Messrs C. J. Clay & Sons.

DIPTERA (Supi>li-:ment)

By p. H. GRIMSHAW and V. SPl'lSKK

HEMIPTERA

Bv G. W. KIRKALDY

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

OR THE

ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES

Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee

appointed by

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE
AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of
THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU.

EDITED BY

DAVID SHARP, M.B., MA., F.R.S.

SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE.

VOLUME III. PART II.

DIPTERA (Supplement) by P. H. GRIMSHAW and P. SPEISER.
HEMIPTERA by G. W. KIRKALDY.

Pages 79 — 174 ; Plate IV uncoloured, Plate V coloured.

CAMBRIDGE:

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

1902

[All Rights reserved.]
December 2^rd, 1902.

Honlion: C. J. CLAY AND SONS,

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,

AVE MARIA LANE.

©lasBOto: 50, WELLINGTON STREET.

Enpjifi; F, A. BROCKHAUS.

ileto lorfe: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.

Bomiiajj antJ Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd.

DIPTERA.

SUPPLEMENT.

Since the preceding account of the Diptera was pubHshed, a small additional
series of specimens has been obtained and handed to me containing about sixteen
additional species. The most remarkable of these is the wingless Dolichopodid I have
described on page 8i as the type of a new genus. Some of the others are evidently
introductions, and with my present limited acquaintance with exotic Diptera I do not
feel justified in regarding them as new, especially in such groups as Tachinidae or
Sarcopkagidae. It is rapidly becoming impossible for a single worker to obtain an
adequate knowledge of all families, and in the investigation of the Dipterous fauna
of any country in the future, the aid of specialists who devote themselves to single
families will have to be called in. In the present instance this plan has been partially
resorted to, and we are much indebted to Dr Speiser for his careful working out of
the Hippoboscidae, to which I referred briefly on p. T"]. His report is given below
(pp. 86—92). [P. H. G.]

Fam. STRATIOMYIDAE (p. 11).

Neoexaireta Osten-Sacken.

(i) Neoexaireta spinigera, Wied.

Xylophagus spiniger Wied., Auss. zweifl. Ins. 11. 618 (1830).

Berts servillei yi^ZQ^., Dipt. Exot. i. i, 172, taf. xxi. fig. i (1838) and Suppl. i.
47, 1 (1844).

Dipkysa spinigera Walk., List. Dipt. Ins., Suppl. i. 7 (1854).

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu, two specimens, June and July, 1900. I have compared
these examples with others so named in the British Museum, and find them to agree in
every respect.

(2) ? Genus and species.

A specimen taken on the Mts. of Honolulu in 1900, appears to be very near
Acanthina Wied., but as the antennae are broken off it is difficult to ascertain its
correct position.

F. H. III. ^^

8o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. DOLICHOPODIDAE (p. ii).
Gnamptopsilopus Aldrich (p. ii).
(i) Gnamptopsilopus patellifer^ Thomson (p. ii).
An additional female from S. Kona was obtained in February 1899.

DoLiCHOPUS Latreille.

This genus, not hitherto recorded from the Sandwich Islands, is represented in the
present collection by five specimens obtained in the island of Oahu in 1901. Three
males and one female are from the Waialua Mts. (May), and the other specimen,
a male, from N.W. Koolau (July). I have not been able to identify the species, but it
comes very near the European griseipennis Stann. The antennae, however, are
shorter, the fore coxae quite yellow, without silvery sheen, the hind tibiae dark in at
least their apical half, and the fourth longitudinal vein not so abruptly broken.

Campsicnemus Walker (p. 13).
(5) Campstcnenms patellifer, sp. no v.

Z, Long. Corp. i^ mm. ; al. if mm. Front dark brown with a greenish metallic
reflection. Antennae black, third joint obtuse, hairy, arista about as long as the thorax,
hairy, with a spatulate enlargement at the tip. Thorax and scutellum dark brown,
shining, with a greenish metallic tinge, halteres bright yellow. Abdomen dull blackish-
brown. Legs yellow, with the tips of the hind femora and of all the tarsi darker. Fore
femora and tibiae entirely without bristles ; intermediate femora very much thickened in
their basal two-thirds, abruptly narrowed towards the tip, on the under surface of the
thickened portion a double row of very conspicuous black bristles ; hind femora slender,
with two moderate-sized bristles on the under surface near the tip. Intermediate tibiae
very long, curved, narrowed in their middle portion, furnished near the tip of their
inner surface with a tuft of long fine hairs ; hind tibiae long and slender, the whole
of their inner surface furnished with fine, short hairs. Fore and hind tarsi normal,
intermediate tarsi with the ist joint extremely short and furnished with two long spines,
2nd joint two-thirds of the length of the tibia, slender and curved, concave (outer)
surface furnished with long and regularly disposed hairs. Wings dusky-hyaline,
3rd and 4th veins parallel, posterior transverse vein more than twice its length from
the posterior margin of the wing.

Hab. Oahu, one male, Pali, December 1900.

DIPTERA 8 1

Emperoptera\ gen. nov.

Near ChrysotuSy but wings much reduced, being represented only by a somewhat
thickened, curved filiform structure, with an apparent joint (or perhaps weakness) near
the base, hairy along the anterior margin for its whole length, and furnished at its tip
with a conspicuous bristle. Front broad, triangular, face narrow, especially just below
the antennae, where the eyes nearly meet ; antennae short, the third joint hairy, arista
dorsal, very long, and distinctly pubescent. Thorax smooth and polished, scutellum
with two very long and strong bristles, halteres apparently absent (I cannot find any
trace of them in the few specimens before me). Abdomen comparatively large and
elongated, hypopygium small and indistinct. Legs long with stout femora, unarmed
except the intermediate and hind tibiae.

Type of genus : E, mirabilis, sp. nov.

(i) Emperoptera mirabilis, sp. nov.

Long. Corp. i\—2 mm. Front black and polished, with a very slight dark blue
(steely) tinge, face black with a silvery spot just above the oral opening; antennae
black, third joint very short, hairy and pointed, arista very long, whitish and distinctly
pubescent. Thorax bluish-black, highly polished and with few bristles, sometimes with
a greenish tinge, appendages (? wings) dark brown, much shorter than the legs,
scutellum rather dull and blackish-brown, sometimes a little yellowish at the tip, with
two strong setae which reach to the apex of the second abdominal segment. Abdomen
black and polished, but duller than the thorax, slightly pubescent, base of first segment
sometimes yellowish. Legs yellowish-testaceous, tips of femora and tarsi a little darker.
Hind femora with one or two small spines near the apex, intermediate and hind tibiae
each with four bristles on their outer surface, legs otherwise unarmed. Under a high
power the hind tibiae show at the extreme tip, on the outer side, a small transverse
comb of about ten minute bristles.

Hab. Oahu, 5 specimens on Freycimtia, Koolau range, December 1900;
4 specimens "back of Malukia" December rgoa

' efjLwrjpo's, crippled, maimed

II — 2

82 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. SYRPHIDAE (p. 19).

Eristalis Latreille (p. 19),

(2) Eristalis punctulatus Macquart.

Eristalis punctulatus Macq., Dipt. Exot. 2^ Suppl. p. 59 (1847).

A male of what I take to be this species, originally described from Australia, was
taken at Honolulu in June 1900. It is evidently an importation.

EuMERUs Meigen.

(i) Eumerus marginatus, sp. nov.

^. Long. Corp. 7^ mm. ; al 5^^ mm. Front black with a slightly metallic tinge,
clothed behind with yellowish hairs, in the middle with black hairs, and in front with
yellowish-grey tomentum ; face black, covered with long whitish pubescence ; eyes bare,
meeting for a short distance in front, the facets in this portion being much larger than
in the rest of the eyes. Antennae blackish-brown, sometimes the 3rd joint, which is
comparatively large, a little lighter, arista long and stout. Thorax bronzy or iridescent-
black, the suture and two dorsal longitudinal lines more or less tomentose ; scutellum
blackish or bronzy, with a very conspicuous yellow margin which is formed by a
transverse and somewhat crenulated depression running round the disc ; thorax and
scutellum both coarsely punctured and covered with almost golden-yellow pubescence
which is much longer around the margin of the latter. Abdomen black, shining and
punctured, with a purplish or bronzy metallic tinge ; ist, 2nd, and 3rd segments each
with a pair of whitish tomentose lunules, those of the ist segment small and indistinct,
4th segment more bronzy and covered with thick whitish pubescence, which is also
present at the basal angles of the ist segment. Legs black with a greenish metallic
tinge, the knees, base of the tibiae, the anterior and intermediate tarsi yellow, posterior
legs with the feniora much swollen, the tibiae much enlarged in their apical half, and the
tarsi also enlarged, all the legs covered with whitish pubescence. Wings with a slight
brownish tinge, subapical transverse vein much angulated, so that the cell it closes has
a pointed projection, while the vein itself has an appendage at the angle.

Hab. Oahu, 4 males taken at Honolulu, in June 1900.

Note : — Although I cannot find any published description which fits this species it
is with some hesitation that I here describe it as new. It may be an importation from
Australia — the genus does not occur in America, so far as I am aware.

DIPTERA

Fam. TACHINIDAE (p. 20).
Chaetogaedia Brauer and Bergenstamm (p. 20).
(i) Chaetogaedia monticola Bigot (p. 20)*
A specimen taken in the Honolulu Mts., 1900.

Two other specimens belonging to the Tackinidae, and each representing a distinct
species, were taken in Oahu (Waianae Coast) in January 1901, but they are in such
poor condition that I cannot identify them. One, which, from the structure of the head,
appears to be near Prospherysa v. d. Wulp, but all the legs are missing save one of
the anterior pair.

Fam. SARCOPHAGIDAE (p. 21).

Dyscritomyia Grimshaw (p. 21).

(7) Dyscritomyia, sp.

A single male specimen from the Jao Valley, Maui, taken in September 1901,
resembles very closely the females from Molokai referred to on p. 22 under/), limbi-
pennis. The fore metatarsi in the male are quite simple and unarmed, so that these
three examples very probably represent a distinct species inhabiting the central islands
of the main group. Until more material is obtained I prefer to leave it undescribed.

Sarcophaga Meigen (p. 26).

Two species belonging to this genus are represented in the supplementary collection
formed by Mr Perkins, but I am unable to identify them. One, with red anus, is
represented by a male from N.W. Koolau (Oahu), July 1901 ; the other, with black
anus, by three specimens, viz. a male and female from the Honolulu Mts., 1900, and a
male from the N. Koolau range, August 1901.

Fam. MUSCIDAE (p. 27).

Rhinia Desvoidy.

(i) Rhinia testacea Desvoidy.

Rhinia testacea Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 423, i (1830).

Two males of this species, a native of China, Hong-Kong and the Nicobars, were
taken by Mr Perkins at Honolulu, in June 1900.

84 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

LuciLiA Desvoidy (p. 28).

(2) Lucilia sp.

One t^ not in sufficiently good condition for identification, was obtained on the Mts.
of Honolulu, in 1900.

Fam. ANTHOMYIDAE (p. 29).
HoMALOMYiA Bouche (p. 30).

(2) Homalomyia femorata Loew.

Homalomyia femorata Loew, Berl. Ent Zeitschn xvi. p. 93 n. 68 (1872),

A male of this species, originally described from Cuba, was obtained on the
Honolulu Mts. in 1900.

AcRiTOCHAETA Grimshaw (p. 41).

Herr P. Stein has kindly pointed out to me that this genus is probably identical
with Atherigona Rondani.

Fam. SCIOMYZIDAE (p. 43).

SciOMYZA Fallen (p. 43).

(i) Sciomyza hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Long. Corp. 4 mm. ; al. 3^ mm. Front yellowish-cinereous with a double dark
brown central stripe ; face yellow with a darker patch beneath the afitennae, oral margin
and a spot beneath the lower angle of the eye also brownish, vibrissal angle with a few
tiny bristles, chin yellow with several strong bristles ; antennae entirely brownish-yellow,
arista distinctly pubescent. Thorax and scutellum unicolorous cinereous, the latter with
a distinct yellow margin, hal teres pale yellow. Abdomen with ist segment entirely
yellowish, 2nd yellowish with a dark brown spot or patch at each side, remaining
segments shining dark brown or blackish with the hind margins yellow. Legs entirely
yellow. Wings very slightly yellowish tinged, unicolorous, veins yellow, last section
of the 4th longitudinal vein half as long again as the penultimate, both transverse veins
with a trace of clouding.

Hab. Oahu, one specimen, N.W. Koolau, July 1901. To this species also
belongs the specimen from Waialua, Oahu, mentioned on p. 43.

DIPTERA

Fam. ORTALIDAE (p. 44).
AcRosTicTA Loew (p, 44).
(i) Acrosticta pallipes Grimshaw (p. 44).
Two females taken in the Honolulu Mts. in 1900.

EuxESTA Loew (p. 44).
(i) Euxesta annonae, Fabricius.
Hab. Oahu, one female taken in the Honolulu Mts., 1900.

Chrysomyza Fallen,
(i) Chrysomyza, sp.

This genus is represented by a single specimen taken in the Honolulu Mts. in
1900. It is a beautiful species with shining metallic green thorax, coppery scutellum
and abdomen metallic bluish purple with green margin. The wings have the first
posterior cell closed and stalked. Possibly an introduction from the West Indies
or South America.

Fam. SAPROMYZIDAE.
(i) Sapromyza, sp.

A single spec/men belonging to this genus was obtained in the Honolulu Mts.
in 1900, but I have not been able to identify it. At the same time I do not feel justified
in describing it as new.

Fam. EPHYDRIDAE (p. 49).
Brachydeutp:ra Loew (p. 49).
(]) Brachydeutera argentataj Walker (p. 49).
A single specimen taken in the Jao Valley, Maui, in September 1901.

ScATELLA Desvoidy (p. 49).
(i) Scatella hawaiiensis Grimshaw (p. 49).
Eleven specimens obtained at Pali, Oahu, in December 1900.

86 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. DROSOPHILIDAE (p. 50).
Drosophila Fallen (p. 55).
{7) Drosophila hawaiiensis Grimshaw (p. 60).
One specimen (?a male), N.W. Koolau (Oahu), July 1901.

(9) Drosophila pilimana Grimshaw (p. 61).
One female, Waialua Mts., Oahu, May 1901.

(41) Drosophila crucig^ra, sp. nov.

%, Long. Corp. 3^—4 mm,; al 4 mm. Similar to D. variegata (p. 57) but
smaller, second joint of antennae entirely yellow, and pattern of wings more broken up
although of the same general type. In the centre of the wing is a fuscous patch roughly
resembling a Greek cross, the foot of which extends over the posterior transverse vein ;
in the centre of the second posterior cell, i.e. exterior to the foot of the cross, is a
small rounded detached spot and a similar one in the middle of the third posterior cell,
third fuscous band (at the apex of the wing) with a conspicuous hyaline spot between
the tips of the 2nd and 3rd veins.

Hab. Oahu, one female, Honolulu Mts., August 1900, one female, Waialua Mts.,
May 1901.

(42) Drosophila^ sp.

A single male specimen of a species apparently allied to D, paucipuncta was
obtained by Mr Perkins in Oahu (N.W. Koolau) in July 1901. The wings bear only
the slightest trace of fuscous markings, the thorax is yellowish marked with four very
obscure brown stripes, while the fore tibiae and tarsi are bearded with long hairs.

DIPTERA PUPIPARA,
By Dr. P. Speiser, Bischofsburg, Ostpreussen.

In seiner Bearbeitung der Dipteren der ** Fauna Hawaiiensis" erwahnt P. H.
Grimshaw auf p. "]"] auch drei Species von Hippobosciden, ohne diesen jedoch Namen
beizulegen. Herr P. H, Grimshaw hat nun die grosse Liebenswlirdigkeit gehabt,

DIPTERA 87

mir die dort erwahnten Tiere zur Bestimmung anzuvertrauen, woflir ihm hier nochmals
bestens Dank gesagt sei. Ihre Untersuchung hat das Folgende ergeben :

I. Die erste Species, in 7 Exemplaren 1892 von Perkins auf der Insel Kona als
Parasit einer kurzohrigen Eulenart, und in i Exemplar zwei Jahre spater auf der
Insel Lanai gefangen, gehort zur Gattung Olfersia Leach. Ich kannte die Art schon
langere Zeit nach einem Exemplar aus dem Stadtischen Museum ftlr Natur-, Volker-
und Handelskunde zu Bremen, welches der Direktor dieses Museums, Herr Dr.
Schauinsland, seinerzeit auf der Insel Molokai, ebenfalls zur Gruppe der Hawaiischen
Inseln gehorig, als Parasiten des Fregattvogels, Atagen aquila L. gefangen hatte.
Die Art ist aber bisher noch nicht beschrieben, und ich gebe daher hier ihre Beschrei-
bung. Ich bemerke, dass es zur Wiedererkennung der Hippobosciden-Arten notwendig
ist, die Beschreibungen sehr ausfuhrlich zu gestalten, denn gewisse Charaktere, die bei
andern Dipterengruppen constante Merkmale zu geben pflegen, sind hier starker
Variation unterworfen. Damit muss es entschuldigt werden, wenn die Lange der
Beschreibung an die Low'schen Asilidenbeschreibungen in der Linnaea entomologica
erinnert. Die zu beschreibende Art scheint der O, pallidilabris Rond. aus Mexico
nahe zu stehen, doch glaube ich, dass sie bestimmt von ihr verschieden ist. Ich
nenne sie

(i) Olfersia acarta [a/capros ungeschorenj, sp. nov.

Lange 6*25 mm., Mundrand — Hinterrand des Scutellum 4 mm. Grundfarbe ein
dunkles, glanzendes Schwarzbraun, die Schulterecken und der Kopf, namendich an den
Mundteilen, aber auch bisweilen auf der Innenseite der Augenrander heller, bis
ledergelb, ebenso ein Paar kleiner Fleckchen an den Seiten des Scutellum. Auch die
Beine sind im Ganzen ein klein wenig heller, und die Schenkel auf ihrer Basalhalfte
fast auch ledergelb.

Kopf etwas mehr als halb so breit wie der Thorax an seiner breitesten Stelle,
Scheitel gleichmassig gerundet ohne Einbuchtungen oder Buckel. Stirn etwas breiter
als ein Drittel des Kopfes, in den oberen 2 Dritteln nach vorn leicht verschmalert,
dann wieder verbreitert, sodass sie an den Antennengruben wieder so breit ist wie am
Scheitel; sie ist in der Mitte matt, die Augenrander und das vorn ganzrandige
Scheiteldreieck glanzend ; bei einem Stuck ist auch der Vorderrand des Scheiteldreiecks
in der Mitte seicht eingedruckt. Die Innenseite der Augenrander ist mit vielen feinen,
goldglanzenden Harchen besetzt, ahnlich wie bei Lynchia exornata m.^ und einigen andern
Arten, jedoch sind diese Harchen kurzer und nicht so zierlich gescheitelt wie bei der
genannten Species. In dieser Behaarung sehe ich den einen wichtigen Unterschied
gegenuber O. pallidilabris Rond., in deren Beschreibung^ besonders betont wird :

1 Annali del Mus. Civ. di Genova, 1900, p. 562.

2 ibid. xn. 1878, p. 161.

12
F. H. III.

88 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

'' orbitis angustis et areola verticis pumicatis," aber von einer Behaarung nichts gesagt
ist ; von diesem Merkmal habe ich auch den Namen der Art gewahlt. Der Clypeus
oris, d. h. das Stuck vom Mundrand bis zur Stirnspalte, ist hier deutlicher als bei
anderen Arten in zwei hintereinanderliegende Abschnitte gesondert. Er ist schmutzig
ledergelb (bei Rondani's Art **sordide albicans") vorn in der Mitte leicht winklig
ausgeschnitten, aber ohne hervortretende Ecken oder Spitzen. Wenn man nicht die
seitlich etwas vertiefte Querfalte zwischen dem vorderen und hinteren Abschnitt so
betrachten will, muss der Clypeus als nicht mit Gruben versehen beschrieben werden.
Die Antennenfortsatze sind ziemlich lang und breit, tief schwarz glanzend mit schwarzer
Beborstung. Die Maxillarpalpen, welche die Riisselscheide bilden, pechbraun, nur
etwas langer hervorragend als der Clypeus lang ist, verhaltnismassig breit und stumpf.

Thorax etwas breiter als lang, dunkel schwarzbraun glanzend mit ganz fein gelb
angelegter Langslinie, schmutzig ledergelbenSchulterecken und je einem ebenso gefarbten
kleinen Fleck an den beiden seitlichen Ecken des Scutellum. Die seitlichen hinteren
Ecken des Praescutum mesonoti an der Dorsopleural- und der Quernaht, sind ganz
leicht fleckartig mit einem schmutzig grauen Reif bedeckt, ebenso die Pleuren vor den
Flugeln mit Ausnahme eines von der Flugelwurzel nach vorn und unten ziehenden
erhabenen Streifens. Die sehr feine Langsnaht des Thorax geht auch auf das Scutellum
uber> ist hier stark verbreitert und verschmalert sich erst nach dem Hinterrande des
Scutellum zu wieder. Die Quernaht zwischen Praescutum und Scutum ist in der Mitte
nicht unterbrochen, vielmehr in der Ausdehnung von nur \ — f mm. nur ganz fein,
linienformig die Langsnaht kreuzend, wahrend sie an den Seiten tief furchenformig ist.
Das Scutellum ist breit halbmondformig, mit einer feinen Furche vor dem Hinterrande
und der schon erwahnten, breit beginnenden, nach hinten keilformig verschmalerten
Langsvertiefung. Die sehr characteristischen gelben Flecke auf den Ecken wurden
schon erwahnt. Neben ihnen, medialwarts, steht jederselts eine starke Borste, der
Hinterrand ist mit feinen goldglanzenden Harchen dicht besetzt. Die Pleuren und
Schulterecken tragen massig zahlreiche schwarze Borsten, wie gewohnlich. An der
feinen Naht, die die Schulterecken gegen das Praescutum abgrenzt, stehen etwas langere
goldglanzende Harchen, ahnlich wie bei Lynchia exornata m., aber viel kurzer ; auch
sonst einzelne solche Harchen auf der Thoraxflache (bei O, pallidilabris Rond. nicht
erwahnt). Endlich sind zwei rundliche Fleckchen vor dem Scutellum dicht mit ganz
kurzen goldgelben Harchen besetzt.

Die Beine sind ganz ohne Besonderheiten, die Vorderschenkel etwas dicker, die
Hinterbeine etwas langer als gewohnlich, nirgends characteristische Beborstung. Die
Krallen, wie stets bei der Gattung Olfersia, mit einem accessorischen Zahn.

Die Flugel sind leicht haselbraun gefarbt, nicht milchig getrubt Interessant ist
die Costalis. Diese ist, wie Rondani das bei seiner (9. papuana^ und ich selber

^ Ann. Mus. Civ. Geneva, xn. 1878, p, 162.

DIPTERA 89

vor kurzem bei einer als O. parallelifrons m. benannten^ Form beschrieben haben,
bald hinter der Einmundung der Subcostalls bis zu ihrem Ende deutlich verdickt, dabel
ubrigens gleichmassig schwarzbraun und nicht durchscheinend. Die Subcostalis miindet
bald wurzelwarts von der kleinen Querader, bald genau liber dieser, bei einem StUcke
auch auf dem einen Flligel spitzenwarts von ihr. Die Radialis mUndet viel dichter an
der Subcostalis als an der Cubitalis, wie das auch Rondani bei seiner (9. pallidilabris
beschrieben hat, ohne doch etwas von einer Verdickung der Costalis zu sagen. Der
letzte Abschnitt der Costalis ist somit doppelt so lang als der vorletzte. Die Discoidalis
ist an ihrer Ursprungsstelle aus dem gemelnsamen Stamm des hintern Adersy stems
leicht knopfformig erhaben dadurch, dass der Flugelteil zwischen dem Stamm des
vordern Adersy stems und dem Hinterrand des Flugels samt dem Stamme des
hintern Systems geradezu grubenartig vertieft ist. Die hintere Basalzelle ist nicht
ganz halb so lang als die vordere, durch eine deudiche Querader geschlossen und an
ihrer breitesten Stelle noch nicht so breit wie die Entfernung des Knies der Discoidalis
vom Fltigelvorderrand.

Das Abdomen ist bei einer Anzahl der Exemplare am Ende weiss, bei dem bremer
Stuck mehr gelblich bereift, was an die Bemerkung : '^ abdomen. ..apici plus minusve
luride albicans " bei O, pallidilabris Rud. erinnert.

(2) Ornithomyia varipes Walk.

Die zweite Species, von der nur ein einziges verstummeltes Stuck vorliegt, von
Perkins am 12. v. 1893 in den Bergen der Insel Molokai bei 3000 Fuss Hohe gefangen,
gehort sicher zur alten Gattung Ornithomyia Latr. Dem Stucke fehlt der grosste
vordere Teil des Kopfes, von dem nur die Scheitelpartie mit den Ocellen erhalten ist,
und somit konnen wir nicht an der Hand der zur Unterscheidung wichtigen Antennen-
fortsatze entscheiden, zu welchem der drei Genera, in die ich kurzlich^ die genannte
Gattung zerlegte, das Exemplar gehort Dem ganzen Habitus nach aber kann man
mit Sicherheit sagen, dass es zur Gattung Ornithomyia Latr. sens. str. gehoren muss,
und ich habe, trotzdem ich die haufig wichtigen Merkmale, die die Stirn und die Teile
des Mundrandes geben, nicht mit verwerten konnte, versucht, dieses Exemplar mit
einer der bisher beschriebenen Arten zu identificieren. Ich habe dabei alle diejenigen
Arten des Genus Ornithomyia s. str. nebst solchen, aus deren Beschreibung ihre
Zugehorigkeit zu einem der drei neu characterisierten Genera nicht zu ersehen war,
verglichen, welche im Insel- und Kustengebiet des pacifischen Ozeans in weitester
Ausdehnung vorkommen. Ich will diese hier nennen, indem ich die wenigen Arten,

' Termeszetrajzi Fiizetek, xxv. 1902, p. 336.
' ibid. xxv. 1902, p. 327 ff*

12 — 2

90 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

die ich aus eigener Anschauung kenne, mit einem ^ versehe ; die anderen kann ich nur
nach den haufig recht unvollkommenen Beschreibungen berlicksichtigen :

Neu-Guinea: O, plana Walk. 1861. Galapagos- Inseln : O. intertropica Walk. 1849.

„ O. simplex Walk. 1861. Chile: O, chiliensis Guer.-M^ndv. 1844.

Australien: *6^. /^////^^ Speiser, 1902. Columbia: ^O. fuscipennis Big. 1885.
Tasmania: *0. nigricornis Erichs. 1843. „ <9. varipes Walk. 1849.

Neu-Seeland: *(9. variegata Big. 1885. Nord-Amerika : O. nebulosa Say, 1823.
„ O, opposita Walk. 1849. „ *6^. pallida Say, 1823.

Man sieht, dass schon die grosse Entfernung der Fundorte aller dieser Arten eine
Identitat mit einer derselben wenig wahrscheinlich macht, doch darf dieses Argument
um so weniger mitsprechen, als wir nichts uber den Vogel wissen, auf dem diese
hawaiische Art lebt und der moglicherweise ein guter Seeflieger und weit verbreitet
sein kann. Indessen hat doch die Vergleichung aller mir zu Gebote stehenden
Exemplare und der Beschreibungen der ubrigen Arten ergeben, dass hochstens
O. varipes Walk, berlicksichtigt werden konnte, denn nur bei dieser Art sind die Tarsen
als schwarz angegeben, was fur das vorliegende Stuck ganz besonders characteristisch
ist Die vielleicht characteristisch erscheinende Streifung der Tibien, nach der Walker
anscheinend seiner Art den Namen gab, kommt auch vielen anderen Arten zu, ist also
wohl nicht als zwingend zu verwerten. Wenn ich demnach auch immerhin noch einige
Bedenken uber diese Identification habe, glaube ich dennoch der systematischen
Fixierung der bisher beschriebenen Arten am besten zu dienen, wenn ich das vorliegende
Stuck zu Walkers Art zlehe und gebe hier die genauere Beschreibung :

Ornithomyia varipes Walk. Lange (wenn ich auf den fehlenden Kopf i mm.
rechne) 5*5 mm. Thorax glanzend gelbbraun, Basis des Scutellum und Schulterecken
etwas heller, Abdomen fast schwarz, Beine gelbbraun mit hellerer Basis der Schenkel,
umberbraunen Streifen auf der Aussen- und Innen-Kante aller Tibien, alle Tarsenglieder
tief dunkel schwarzbraun, das zweite und dritte Tarsenglied der Hinterbeine an der
Basis bis zur Halfte mit einem weissen Ringe, ein aufifalliges und sehr hiibsches
Merkmal. Auf dem Thorax fallt noch die hellere Langsnaht auf und am Vorderrande
etwas seitwarts von ihr zwei ebensolche kurze gelbe Striche. Vorderrand des Thorax
fast gerade, seitwarts ragen die Schulterecken dornartig gerade nach vorn ; sie sind
langer als an ihrer Basis breit. Die Quernaht zwischen Praescutum und Scutum ist
seitlich tief furchenformig, in der Mitte ganz verstrichen, die Langsnaht nur angedeutet.
Der Vorderrand des Scutellum ist in der Mitte vorwarts ausgebuchtet, der Hinterrand
breit gerundet. In der Mitte hat das Scutellum wie bei den meisten Ornithomyien eine
Reihe Querrunzeln, die vorne kurz, hinten langer werden und als deren letzte eine
Furche vor dem Hinterrand erscheint, in der eine Reihe von Borsten steht. Ueber die
Beine ist ausser dem vorher liber ihre Farbung Gesagten nichts zu bemerken. Die
Flugel sind fast wasserhell, ganz leicht graubraun gefarbt ; liber das Geader ist das
Folgende zu bemerken : Die Mediastinalis ist ganz an die Subcostalis angelegt, diese

DIPTERA 91

miindet vor der kleinen Querader. Die Radialis miindet viel naher der Cubitalis als
der Subcostalis, sodass der letzte Abschnitt der Costalis noch nicht halb so lang ist als
der vorletzte. Die hintere Querader ist nur doppelt so lang als die kleine Querader,
die hintere Basalzelle nur wenig, nur um eine Spur mehr als die kleine Querader lang
ist, kurzer als die vordere. Die Analzelle ist halb so lang, wie die hintere Basalzelle,
sodass die beiden ersten Abschnitte der Posticalis gleich lang sind ; die Analquerader in
der vorderen Halfte zwar etwas heller als in der hinteren, aber nicht weiss.

(3) Ornithoica confluenta Say, var. n. peroneui'a.

Interessant ist, dass auch die dritte Art nach dem amerikanischen Fesdande
hinweist. Aus der angegebenen geringen Grosse liess sich schon vermuten, dass es
sich um eine Ornithoica handeln wurde und in der That hat die Untersuchung der
Exemplare diese Vermutung bestatigt. Sie hat aber zugleich ergeben, dass die
Exemplare nicht zu trennen sind von der bisher nur vom amerikanischen Festlande
bekannten Ornithoica confluenta Say, die ich kiirzlich erst nach Exemplaren aus dem
Ungarischen National- Museum in Budapest genauer beschrieben und gegen die nachst-
verwandten Arten abgegrenzt habe'. Hier sei kurz wiederholt, dass die Art der
O. beccariina Rond. sehr nahe steht, sich von dieser aber constant dadurch unterscheidet,
dass das weiss pigmentierte Knie in der Discoidalis bei O. beccariina Rnd. fast genau m
der ideellen Fortsetzung der Analquerader auf den Vorderrand liegt, wahrend es bei
O. confluenta Say ein deutliches Stuck apicalwarts daran liegt. Hier mochte ich auch
noch die interessante Uebereinstimmung in der Farbung der Hintertarsen zwischen der
eben vorher besprochenen Ornithomyia varipes Walk, und den hier erwiihnten
Ornithoica- htten hervorheben. Bei ihnen alien ist die Basis des zweiten und dritten
Gliedes der Hintertarsen weiss.

Endlich verdient noch eines der vier Exemplare besonderer Erwahnung. Die
auf der Insel Kona als Parasiten der Himatione stejnegeri Wilson und der Vestiaria
coccinea Forster gefundenen 3 Stucke bieten keine Abweichungen unter einander und
gegenuber den drei brasilianischen Exemplaren des budapester Museums. Dagegen
weicht das vierte, im Juni auf Kona in 3000' Hohe als Parasit einer kurzohrigen Eule
gefundene Stuck sehr wesentlich ab. Bei ihm namlich erreicht die Discoidalis den
Flugelaussenrand nicht, sondern bricht kurz hinter, d. h. apicalwarts von der Hohe des
Endes der Costalis auf beiden Flugeln plotzlich ab und ist nicht einmal durch eine
Falte zum Rande fortgesetzt. Weil eben nur eines von 4 Exemplaren, die vom
gleichen Ort herstammen, dieses Merkmal bietet, das in der ganzen Gattung isohert
dasteht und eher den Eindruck einer pathologischen Bildung als eines constanten
Merkmals bietet, habe ich mich nicht etwa fur berechtigt gehalten, das Exemplar

' Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, xxv. 1902, p. 334-

92 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

direkt specifisch von den andern zu trennen, glaube aber doch berechtigt zu sein, es
durch Namengebung gewissermassen besonders anzumerken und nenne die Form daher
Ornithoica confluenta Say aberr. peroneura m. (tttj/x?? verstummelt).

Es ware interessant, zu erfahren, ob vielleicht mehr solcher Stucke vorkommen und
sich die Form vielleicht doch als bona species herausstellt Aehnliche Verbildungen,
und als solche betrachte ich die vorliegende nur, habe ich allerdings sonst noch
nicht bei Hippobosciden gesehen.

HEMIPTERA.
By G. W. Kirkaldy.

§ 1. General Remarks.

The Heteropterous Hemiptera or Rhynchota of the Hawaiian Archipelago have
been studied to a small extent by F. B. W. White and T. Blackburn, on the collections
made some quarter of a century since by the latter. In 1888 the total number recorded
was 26 genera and 48 species \ To-day 43 genera and 64 species are recorded. The
Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera were not dealt with by the British authors, but a few
species were noted by C. St&l and V. Signoret, in all 3 genera and 4 species. Five genera
and 14 species are here catalogued, and this will be materially increased when my studies
on the Jassinae and Asiracinae are completed. Of Stenorrhyncha nothing was previously
known, and only 2 genera of Psyllidae, with a single species each, are added. I know of
no records of Aphidae and have seen no specimens. I have not examined any Coccidae
and am principally indebted to the publications of T. D. A. Cockerell and W. M.
Maskell for the records of the 48 species included in this account. Thus the total
number of Rhynchota — both Heteroptera and Homoptera — amounts at present to 126
species, of which at least one-third are recent introductions.

My best thanks are due to Dr Sharp for his unfailing courtesy and kindness in
giving me information upon every topic connected with the Hawaiian Fauna, while
Dr L. O. Howard was so kind as to advise me regarding records of Hawaiian Stenor-
rhyncha. Mr Edward Saunders also gave me some very valuable help in lending me
for examination and comparison certain Palaearctic Miridae and in affording me much
information. My greatest difficulty has been the inability to examine the type-specimens
of the previously described Hawaiian Fauna, as the Directors of the Perth Museum
—where White's types, now unfortunately in bad condition, repose— refused to allow
these specimens to be taken away for study. Dr Aurivillius however sent me, with his
usual kindness, the types of Oechalia patruelis ^ndpaci/ica Stal, Hyalopeplus pellucidus
Stal, and Nysius caenosulus StM. Mr Blackburn also kindly sent for examination
cotypes of his Nabis rubritindus, koelensis and oscillans, but I regret that these
completed the list of all that he was able to send me.

' According ta their supposed validity at the present time.

94 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

The two most noticeable characteristics of the Hawaiian Rhynchotal Fauna are its
extreme poverty, both in species and individuals, and the excessive variability, in
structure, pattern and colouring, of the ''species."

During his explorations in the Archipelago for some nine or ten years, Mr Perkins
— one of the most acute of collectors — has been able to collect only a few thousand
individuals, this representing practically everything he could discover after the closest
and most careful investigation. Compared with the spoils of an experienced collector
even in England during two or three years, this must be considered as an extremely
meagre total. It is probable that but few additions to the Hawaiian list among pre-
cinctive^ forms are to be expected, but in Aphididae and Psyllidae there should be
a rich harvest, though most probably of recently introduced forms.

It is a difficult matter to compare the Hawaiian Rhynchotal Fauna with any other.
The collections received in Europe from the Australian Continent and from New
Zealand and other Pacific Isles, are usually but odds and ends, more or less capriciously
picked up by the Lepidopterist and Coleopterist. The predominating forms therefore
in such a collection are naturally the larger, often conspicuously coloured, Cimicidae,
Reduviidae, Cicadidae, the Lepidopterophanous Fulgoridae and possibly the more weird
of the Membracinae. Of the Australian and South Pacific Miridae, Geocorinae and
smaller Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera we know almost nothing, while it is these very
groups that constitute the basis of the Hawaiian Fauna. In the latter, one medium-sized
Cimicid {Oechalia) is, comparatively speaking, fairly abundant. Lygaeidae ( = Coreidae)
are represented by the possibly precinctive Ithamar and a probably imported Rhopalus.
Cicadidae and the larger Fulgoridae are absent. The dominant forms are Oliarus,
Lasiochilus, Orthotylus^ Koanoa^ Sarona, Nysius, and Reduviolus. Specialists in
Rhynchota will therefore readily understand that the work upon this Fauna has been
extremely difficult, and that extensive comparisons could be made only with palaearctic,
occasionally with American, material in most of the groups. An additional difficulty
was created by the almost entire absence in this country of any extensive collections
of accurately named extra- European Micro- Rhynchota. My studies were materially
lightened by the examination of my friend Mr A. L. Montandon*s fine collections of
Nabinae, Pyrrhocorinae, and exotic Mirinae, which I have been so fortunate as to
acquire, but unfortunately even here elucidatory forms are too often represented only
by uniques. Until more adequate knowledge of the Polynesian Fauna is at hand, in the
shape of long series of the more variable forms, we must postpone the consideration
of the problem of the affinities and origin of the Fauna.

The Hawaiian Fauna is, nevertheless, divisible into two main groups, viz.
(i) cosmopolitan and (2) precinctive forms; and also into two further minor groups,

^ "Forms confined to the area under discussion,'* see Sharp, Fauna Hawaiiensis 11. p. 91.

HEMIPTERA 95

VIZ. (3) Australo-polynesian and (4) recent accidental importations. The precinctive
forms owe their large number, however, very greatly to our poverty of knowledge, for
the study of exotic Rhynchota is almost in its infancy, and many of those now arranged
in the second group may at any time have to be removed to the third.

In the first group may be placed Tetigonia, Bythoscopus, Oliarus, Triphleps,
Lasiochilus, Psallus, Orthotylus, Acanthia, Corixa, Antsops, Ploiariodes (though the
typical subgenus is precinctive), Rediwiohis, Microvelia, Orthoea, Nysius, and Rhopalus.
Geotomus has a remarkable distribution, practically cosmopolitan, and the Hawaiian
species, which has been described under eleven names, is found from India to New
Caledonia. It is of course now impossible in most cases to decide the actual recent
origin of these cosmopolitan forms ; though the genera are found all over the world, the
only cosmopolitan species is Klinophilos lectMlaritis, doubtless accidentally introduced in
modern times.

There are a large number, as previously noted, of precinctive genera and species ;
of the former perhaps the most remarkable are Metrarga, Sulamita, and P setidoclerada ;
the first must be of considerable antiquity, as it has separated into at least three
structurally well-defined species, which are distributed over the Archipelago, though
they have not apparently penetrated to Molokai or Kauai. It occurs under rotten
leaves and other vegetable refuse, and as Mr Perkins has collected less than 25
specimens altogether, it is to be hoped that the remarkable genus will be found to
flourish in Viti or Samoa. Pseudoclerada possesses a most remarkable likeness to the
Geocorid Clerada, a wide-spread insular genus which I regret I know only through
Signoret's figure. Ithamar, though differing considerably in the proportions of the
antennae etc., has a very strong resemblance to the closely allied Daclera from Reunion
and Australia,

The finest of the precinctive species is Coleotichus blackburniae, which indeed is
one of the handsomest Heteroptera I have seen, rivalling some of the exotic Cicindelidae.
None of the others require special mention here.

The Australo-Polynesian forms embrace the following genera : Oechalia with two
species — viz. O, consociale Boisduval, which ranges over Eastern Australia and New
Zealand ; the second species, O. grisms Burm., is remarkably variable, including
O, pacifica and (9. patruelis Stal, and is confined to the Hawaiian Archipelago. Coleo-
tichus has its headquarters in the Australo-Polynesian, eight species being recorded from
Australia, New Caledonia, Viti Isles, Samoa and our group ; two oudiers are also found,
one from Formosa and one from the Moluccas. Luteva has a wide distribution but is
perhaps most conspicuous in the Australian region ; it extends however to America
(via the Pacific?), the Oriental Isles vii New Britain, etc. Of Australo-Polynesian
species we may note Orthoea nigriceps, which extends to Tahiti and the Philippines;
it has been recorded, possibly erroneously, from New Zealand. Hyalopeplus has, as at
present known, its headquarters in the South Oriental, but as a well-defined species
F. H, HI. 13

96 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

occurs in our group, it may very possibly be extended throughout the South Pacific
Islands.

Of recent accidental importations there would appear to be three well-marked
instances, viz. Zelus, Alloeocranum, and Astemma, The genus Zelus is wholly
American, and consists of some 50 or 60 described '* species" which are exceedingly
variable and much require a structural revision. They are predaceous and of fair size,
and it is very unlikely that they would have been overlooked by Mr Perkins, if present.
Three specimens were sent to me quite recently \ long after the principal collections,
and it is significant that they were captured in Oahu, the only island of commercial
importance. I have little doubt therefore that they are quite recent importations, but,
unfortunately, I cannot identify them with any known species. Of Alloeocranum only
a single specimen was taken, and that some years ago, also in Oahu ; the genus is also
predaceous and the species of fair size. There are two, A. quadrisignatus recorded from
North India, and A. biannulipes which has an extensive insular distribution, being
noted from Malacca, the Philippines, New Caledonia, Viti Isles, Reunion, and Cuba ;
the last locality is certainly due to accidental introduction. Aslemma (perhaps better
known as Dysdercus) is a dominant and apparently ancient genus ; some 75 species
have been described of which perhaps 55 are now recognized, but I believe that a
goodly proportion of the latter are worthless. The species are extraordinarily variable,
in size, proportions, pattern and colouring ; my large series of the American ruficollis
Linne, the Oriento-Australian cingulatus Fabr., and the African supers tit iosus Fabr.,
show most remarkable series of variations. The Hawaiian species, A, peruviamis Guen,
has been recorded from California and Ecuador. I do not know the species with
certainty and Guerin's figure is not very distinctive. It is quite possibly only a form
of one of the widely distributed American species. Stal records it in 1870 as found at
Honolulu ; Blackburn, some few years later, took three specimens of what he believed to
be this, '* singly by sweeping ferns at a considerable elevation on the Waianae Mountains,
Oahu, and Haleakala, Maui/' This conspicuous species seems therefore to have
obtained a fairly secure footing on the Islands at one time, but is now probably extinct,
as Mr Perkins has failed to rediscover it.

One further point of interest is the partial relations between the Pacific Fauna and
that of the Mascarene subgroup, — though a great deal more information is yet needed.
It is well known that Madagascar forms the western limit of the Polynesian species of
Man, and it is not unreasonable to suppose that his colonizing or adventurous expeditions
have contributed to the dissemination of certain Rhynchota. Two species are found
both in Reunion and the Hawaiian Archipelago, viz. Clerada apicicornis Sign, (which
is recorded also from Celebes, Bengal, Venezuela, and the Antilles) ; Alloeocranum
biannulipes Montr., mentioned before ; while, as has previously been remarked, Ithamar

^ Since this was in print three more specimens have been received from Mr Perkins captured in the same
island.

HEMIPTERA 97

hawaiiensis Kirk, and Daclera punctata Sign, (the latter from Reunion), are extremely
alike ; the latter genus has another species D. rufescens Stal, from Australia, with
which, unfortunately, I am not acquainted.

On studying the records of localities mentioned under each species, it will be noted
that very few species are found under looo ft., most being from 2000 — 4500 ft. The
reason of this is that the low-lying parts of the Islands have been for a long period
under cultivation, so that almost invariably it is only from the higher elevations that it
is possible to obtain specimens. It will not be long before the doom of the last of the
precinctive fauna is fulfilled, for Dr Sharp informs the writer that many of the insects
lately collected by Mr Perkins have been rescued from the jaws of ants. A curious
confirmation of this is before me in the person of an individual of Metrarga villosa
which has an ant clinging to one of the antennae by means of its mandibles. I have
gathered together all the informations possible relating to habits, food-plants, etc.,
but it is greatly to be regretted that these are so meagre ; information as to the
metamorphoses and habits of Metrarga, Pseudoreclada, and Sarona would be of the
highest interest, but it is to be feared that this is now for ever lost to us.

The variability of the Hawaiian Rhynchota is, as before remarked, most extra-
ordinary. Writers on the other orders have regarded this Fauna as composed of few
genera, many of these however containing a large, sometimes very large, assemblage of
species, with however few individuals for each species. Dr Sharp notes Plagithmysus
with 29 closely allied but mostly quite distinct forms, and these forms are in general
each found only in one island. Mr Perkins records Oodemas with 46, Proterhinus
with 122!, and Nesoprosopis with 52. Mr Grimshaw describes 40 of Drosophila,
Mr Meyrick 57 Scopariae, and Mr Sykes 76 Leptachatinae, loi Amastrae, and
107 Achatinella. I can only say that after the most exhaustive study, I cannot achieve
anything like these results. Whether it be due to a constitution in the Rhynchota
differing from that of other orders I cannot say; I can only see a large assem-
blage of forms varying in the most bewildering fashion, forming incipient species,
if one will, but at the same time forming links of such a character that it seems
unreasonable to attempt the arbitrary definition of many "species." These variations
are not confined to any particular island in each case but are scattered throughout

the archipelago.

The genital appendages, upon which great stress— in many cases no doubt
correctly— is laid, vary considerably in certain instances ; naturally, little variation is
to be expected in the case of purely chitinose clasps or hooks ; on the other hand the
circumambient parts are mostly feebly chitinized (in the smaller forms) and appear to be
very liable to post-mortem distortion, so much so that I have not felt it expedient to
work out the genital differentia (if indeed these are notable) in the Cixiaria etc., in the
absence of freshly killed or alcoholic material.

Although I may be mistaken I feel convinced that the careful breeding ab ovo of

13—2

98 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

long series of sufficiently variable forms (such as Phytocoris populi, Calocoris seticorniSy
Lygus pratensis or Cyllecoris histrionicus in Europe ; N eurocolpus nubilus or Poecilo-
capsus hneahis in America) would effect a pronounced change in the attitude of many
workers towards the limits of specific differences*

Of the 76 species and named varieties definitely acknowledged ^ 68 are, so far as is
known, precinctive ; that is to say 89*5 per cent.^

Interinsular Distribution of species (and named varieties^.

Total spp. Peculiar spp. Percentage.

Hawaii

ii'i

Maui

9-4

Lanai

8-3

Molokai

Oahu

24-6

Kauai

31-8

Laysan

The percefitage

of precinctive species.

Hawaii

I2-I

Maui

10-3

Lanai

S-3

Molokai

Oahu

Kauai

36-8

Laysan

These figures are, unfortunately, not quite accurate, as I have had to omit Reclada
moesta, Clerada apicicornis, Merragata hebroides^ Eysarcoris insularis, Buckananiella
sodaltSy and Klinophilos lechilarms, of which there are no distributional particulars ;
three of these are precinctive, three extra- Hawaiian. The high percentage of Kauai is
very natural, that of Oahu is probably to be explained by the fact that it is the principal
island for commerce and that the early records of three species were noted as ' Oahu '
or ' Honolulu,' but not necessarily actually from them.

The following Tables will show at a glance the intra- and extra-Hawaiian distribution
of the species now described or noted, the Coccidae and Nysius being omitted.

^ Coccidae (since they are all, probably, accidental recent importations), Halobates^ Nysius, spp.,
Bythoscopus peregrinus and viduus, and Tetigonia varicolor, the Jassinae and Asiracinae are omitted from these
considerations. Eysarcoris insularis, Anisops sp., and Rhopalus sp., are also omitted. Zelus peregriitus is
counted as non-precinctive.

^ If we include 16 spp. oi Nysius^ HalobateSy Bythoscopus peregrinus 2iXiAviduus, Tetigonia varicolor diud
Eysarcoris insularis, and take Zelus peregrinus as precinctive, we obtain 97 species of which 89 are precinctive,
that is 91*8 per cent. !

HEMIPTERA

Genus

Species

Extra- Hawaiian Distribution ^

PsylUdae

1 Hevaheva, gen. nov.

2 Trioza Fdrst

Tetigoniidae

3 Bythoscopus Germ.

3a Tetigonia Geoffr.

Fulgoridae
4 Siphanta StUl

5 lolania, gen. nov.

6 Oliarus Stal

Miridae

7 Triphleps Fieber

8 Physopleurella Rent. ...

9 Lasiochilus Reut

10 Nesidiocheilus, gen. nov.

1 1 Buchananiella Reut. . . .

12 Lilia White

13 Klinophilos Kirk

14 Sulamita, gen. nov.

15 Psallus Fieber

16 Orthotylus Fieber

1 perkinsi, sp. nov.

2 iolani, sp. nov.

3 kukanaroa, sp. nov.

4 kaiamamao, sp. nov.
? 5 peregrinus Stil

? 6 viduus Stal

7 varicolor Sign.

8 acuta Walk.

9 perkinsi sp. nov.

ro tamehameha, sp. nov.

11 kanakanus, sp. nov.

12 hevaheva, sp. nov.

13 tarai, sp. nov.

14 tarai, var. morai

15 orono, sp. nov.

16 opuna, sp. nov.

17 koanoa, sp. nov.

18 persequens White

19 mundulus White

20 denigrata White

21 hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

22 sodalis White

23 dilecta White

24 lectularius Linne

25 kmalilo, sp. nov.

26 opuna, sp. nov.

27 sharpianus, sp. nov.
var. pelidnopterus

28 perkinsi, sp. nov.

29 ioiani, sp. nov.

■+ +
+ -f

Europe, N. America, &c.

Cosmopolitan

Australia, Tasmania, Java and
St Helena
Australia and Tasmania.

Europe, Africa, N. & S. America,
N. Zealand, etc.

Cosmopolitan except Australian
Region

Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions
and St Helena

Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions,
St Helena and New Guinea

It follows that when no statement is made in this column the species or genus is precinctive.

lOO

FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Genus

species

Extra- Hawaiian Distribution

30 kanakanus, sp. nov.

31 kekele, sp. nov.

*•

32 daphne, sp. nov.

var. kassandra

33 azalais, sp. nov.

17 Kamehameha, gen. nov.

34 lunalilo, sp. nov.

18 Koanoa, gen. nov.

35 hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

19 Cyrtopeltis Fieber

36 hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Europe, S. America

20 Nesidiorchestes, gen. nov.

37 hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

21 Opuna, gen. nov

38 hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

22 Pseudoclerada, gen. nov.

39 morai, sp. nov.

-f

23 Sarona, gen. nov.

40 adonias, sp. nov.

24 Baracus, gen. nov.

41 hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

25 Hyalopeplus Stal

42 pellucidus Stal

Oriental Region

26 Oronomiris, gen. nov. ...

43 hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

27 Nesiomiris, gen. nov. ...

44 hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Acanthiidae

28 Acanthia Fabr

45 exulans White

Cosmopolitan

46 oahuensis Blackb.

Corixidae

29 Corixa Geoffr

47 blackburni White

Cosmopolitan

Notonectidae

30 Anisops Spin. ... ...

48 sp. ?

Cosmopolitan (except N. Europe)

Reduviidae

31 Alloeocranum Reuter ...

49 biannulipes Montr.

Oriental Region \ Islands of Indian
and Pacific Oceans; Cuba
Generic distribution but not Con-
tinental

32 Zeius Fabr

50 peregrinus, sp. nov.

American Regions

33 Ploiariodes, F. B. White

Almost cosmopolitan, the typical

5 1 whitei White

subgenus precinctive

5 2 rubromaculata White

•f

53 pulchra Blackb.

34 Luteva Dohrn

54 insolida White

American Regions; Oriental Re-
gion ; New Britain

35 Nesidiolestes, gen. nov.

55 sehum, sp. nov.

36 Reduviolus W. Kirby...

56 innotatus White

Cosmopolitan (except N. Zealand)

57 blackburni White

-f-

-*-

58 tarai, sp. nov.

HEMIPTERA

lOI

Genus

species

-f

Extra- Hawaiian Distribution

59 morai, sp. nov.

60 subrufus White

•f

61 rubritinctus Biackb.

62 sharpianus, sp. nov.

63 lusciosus White

Gerridae

37 Microvelia Westw.

64 vagans White

Cosmopohtan

38 Halobates Eschsch. ...

65 sericeus Eschsch.

Cosmopohtan pelagic

Pacific and N. Atlantic (also

Pyrrhocoridae

Indian ?) Oceans

39 Astemma Lep. Serv. ...

^() peruvianas Guer.

Cosmopolitan (except N. palae-
arctic and N. Zealand)
California and Ecuador

40 Orthoea Dallas

67 nigriceps Dall

Almost cosmopolitan
PhiUppines and Tahiti (N. Zea-
land ?)

41 Reclada White

68 moesta White

42 Clerada Sign.

69 apicicornis Sign.

Reunion, Celebes, Bengal, Vene-
zuela, Antilles
Same as genus

43 Sephora, gen. nov.

70 criniger White

71 calvus White

-f

•f

-f-

44 Metrarga White

72 nuda White

73 contracta Biackb,

74 villosa White

4-
4-
■f

45 Nysius Dall

75 hebroides White

Cosmopohtan

Naeogeidae

46 Merragata White

76 hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

S. and C. America, Mexico
Generic distribution

Lygaeidae {- Coreidae)

47 Ithamar, gen. nov.

48 Rhopalus Schill

77 sp.

Cosmopohtan

Cimicidae

49 Oechalia Stal

Australia, New Zealand

78 griseus Burm.

-h

■\-

-f

50 Eysarcoris Hahn

79 insularis Dallas

All over the Old World

51 Geotomus Muls. Rey....

Almost cosmopohtan

80 pygmaeus Dallas

Oriental Region to New Caledonia

52 Coleotichus A. White ...

8 1 blackburniae F. B.White

Austrahan and Polynesian Re-
gions, Moluccas, Formosa

I02 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

§ 2. Systematic account of the Hemiptera.

Suborder Homoptera.
Tribe MONOMERA.

Fam. COCCI DAE.

This family has been dealt with in a preliminary manner by Maskell and Cockerell.
Koebele^ mentions *' sixty species or thereabout/' but does not catalogue them.
Maskell and Cockerell enumerate 47 species, included in 15 genera of which AspidiotuSy
Coccus and Pseudococcus are richest ; but the validity for specific rank of some of the
forms appears to be considered doubtful. I cannot accept responsibility for the
nomenclature here adopted, as no work with which I am acquainted gives full and
correct references to all the genera which usually are mentioned merely by name, even
in the works of Signoret, Cockerell, Maskell, and Green.

There are possibly no precinctive species, though I cannot find that three forms
have been noted from outside the Hawaiian area; these three are Howardia prtmicola,
Aspidiotus persearum and A, cydoniae van tecta,

IcERYA Signoret.
Icerya Sign., 1875, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5) v. p. 350.

(i) Icerya purchasi Maskell.

Icerya pur chasi Maskell, 1878, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 221 ; 1895, ^P- ^i^- P* 30-
Hab. Hawaiian group, on rose (Craw). *'0n almost every plant" (Maskell).
Also from New Zealand, Australia, South Pacific Isles, N. America, South Africa, etc.

Eriococcus Targioni.
Eriococcus Targioni in Sign., 1875, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5) v. pp. i6 & 29.

(i) Eriococcus araucariae Maskell.

Eriococcus araucariae Maskell, 1878, Trans, N. Z. Inst. p. 218 ; 1895, op. cit. p. 21.
Hab. ** Hawaiian group'' (Koebele) ; Australia, New Zealand (Maskell).

^ *' Report of the Entomologist of the Hawaiian Government for 1898,*' 1899, p. 81.

HEMIPTERA ,^3

PsEUDOcoccus Westwood,

Pseudococcus Westw. 1839, Mod. Class. Insects Syn. p. u8.
Dactylopitis auctt. nee Costa.

(i) Pseudococcus ado7tidum, Linne.

Coccus adonidtmi Linne, 1767, Syst. Nat. ed. xii. p. 740.

Dactylopius adonidum Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 24.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Koebele^) ; N. America, New Zealand, Australia, etc.

(2) Pseudococcus albizziae, Maskell
Dactylopius albizziae Maskell, 1891, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 31 ; 1895, op. cit p. 24.
Hab. Hawaiian Isles, on orange (Craw); Australia, etc. (Maskell).

(3) Pseudococcus calceolariae, Maskell.

Dactylopius calceolariae Maskell, 1878, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 218; [895, op. cit.
p. 24.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Maskell and Koebele) ; New Zealand, Viti Isles (on
Saccharum), Jamaica.

(4) Pseudococcus citri, Risso.
Coccus citri Risso, 18 13, Essai hist. nat. orangers.
Hab. '' On orange trees " (Cockerell) ; N. America.

(5) Pseudococcus vastator^ Maskell.

Dactylopius vastator Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst. pp. 26 & 65, PL vi,
figs. 12 — 16.

Hab. Honolulu, on Citrus and almost any kind of shrub or other trees (Maskell).
'' It has been introduced from Japan within the last three years, and hundreds of trees
have been destroyed by it in Honolulu'* (Koebele in Maskell) ; Mauritius.

(6) Pseudococcus virgatus, Cockerell.

Dactylopius virgatus Cock., 1893, Entom. xxvi. p. 178.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Cockerell) ; Jamaica, on cultivated violets, etc. (Cockerell).

' This record, according to Cockerel), refers probably to No. 4, I\ citri.
F. H. III. 14

I04 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

AsTEROLECANiUM Targioni.
Asterolecanium Targ. in Sign., 1870, Ann. Soc. Ent France (iv) 10, p. 276.

( I ) Asterolecanium pustulans^ Cockerell.

P lane honia pus tulans Cock., 1893, Sci. Gossip, p. 77.
Asterolecanium pustulans Cock,, 1895,'Canad. Ent. xxvii. p. 259.
Hab. ** On oleander from Honolulu " (Craw) ; Florida.

Kermicus Newstead.
Kermicus Newst, 1897, E^^- Mo. Mag. p. 170.

(i) Ke7nnicus bambtisae, Maskell.

Sphaerococcus bambusae Maskell, 1891, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxiv. p. 39, PL xvi,

figs. 12 — 19.
Hab. ''Sandwich Isles on Bamboo... Honolulu '* (Maskell); Mauritius, Ceylon,
Brazil.

PuLviNARiA Targioni.

Pulvinaria Targ. in Sign,, 1873, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (v) 3, p. 29.

(i) Ptdvinaria mammeae Maskell.

Pulvinaria mammeae Maskell, 1895, Ti'ans, N. Z. Inst pp. 18 & 19, PL v,

figs. 8 — I i.
Hab, Hawaiian Isles on Ma7nmea ainericana (Maskell) ; on ferns, orange, coffee,
pomegranate, alligator pears, and plum trees (Craw) ; North America.

(2) Pulvinaria psidii Maskell.

Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 223, PL xiii, figs. 10, 11 ;

1895, op. cit p. 18.
Hab, ** Sandwich Islands, on Psidium'' (Maskell); Oriental Region.

Ceroplastes Gray.
Ceroplastes Gray, 1830, Spic. Zool. p. 7.

(i) Ceroplastes rubens Maskell.

Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, 1893, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 214; 1895, <^P- ^i^- P- 12.
Hab. Hawaiian Isles, on Asplenium fern (Cockerell) ; Australia, on Ficus and
Moftgifera (Maskell).

HEMIPTERA ,05

(2) Ceroplastes ceriferus, Anderson.

Coccus ceriferus Anderson, 1791, Monogr. Coccus ceriferus.

Ceroplastes ceriferus Signoret, 1872, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (v) 2. p. 40, PL vii,
fig. 3 ; Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst p. 12.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Koebele) ; India, Mexico, Jamaica, Australia.

{3) Ceroplastes fioridensis Comstock.

Ceroplastes fioridensis Comst., 1881, Agr. Rep. for 1880, p. 331.
Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Koebele) ; N. America, Jamaica.

Coccus Linne.

Cocc^ts Linn4 1758, Syst Nat ed. x, p, 455; Mrs Fernald, 1902, Canad. Ent

p. 232.
Lecanium Burm., 1835, Handb. Ent 11, p. 69.

(i) Coccus actiminatum, Signoret.

Lecanium acuminatum Sign., 1873, Ann. Soc. Ent France (v) 3, p. 397, PL xiii,
figs. 2 & 3 ; Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 14.

Hab. " Sandwich Islands, on guava {Psidium sp.) '' (Maskell) ; Europe.

(2) Coccus coffeae, Walker.

Lecanium coffeae Walk., 1852, List Horn. p. 1079.

L, hibernactdoi'um Boisd., 1867, Ent Hort p. 337; Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z.

Inst p. 15.
Z. hemisphaeidcum Targioni in Signoret, 1873, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (v) 3,

p. 436, PI. xiii, fig. 9 ; Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst p. 15.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Koebele) ; N, America, Jamaica, etc., almost cosmopolitan.

(3) Coccus hesperidum Linne.

Coccus hespeiddum Linne, 1758, Syst. Nat ed. x. p. 455.
Lecanium hesperidum Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst p. 15.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles, on orange (Craw) ; Algeria, S. Africa, N. America, Jamaica,
Chile, Australia, New Zealand.

14 — 2

io6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(4) Coccus longtilum, Douglas.

Lecanium longulum Douglas, 1887, Ent. Mo. Mag. p. 97; Maskell, 1895, Trans.

N. Z. Inst. p. 15,
L. chirimollae Maskell, 1889, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 137.

Hab. Hawaiian Islands, apparently common, on Psidium, Bambusay Acacia, and
Citrus (Maskell), on Carica papaya (Craw), on Carica papaya and on Ohia (Maskell) ;
Viti Isles, Demerara, etc.

(5) Coccus mori, Signoret.

Lecanium mori Sign., 1873, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5) 3, p. 407, PI. 12, fig. 9
and PI. 13, fig. 17 ; Maskell, 1894, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 16.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Koebele); New Zealand, Europe.

(6) Cocctis nigrum^ Nietner.

Lecanium nigrum Nietner, 1861, Enemies Coffee Tree, p. 9; Green, 1889, Ind.

Mus. Notes, I. p. 117, PI vii, figs, a — k; Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst.

p. 16.
Z. depressum Targioni in Sign., 1873, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 439, PI. xiii,

fig. II ; Maskell, 1893, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 220.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles, **on Psidium (guava), Bambttsa, etc." (Maskell); Ceylon,
Australia, New Zealand, S. America.

(7) Coccus oleae, Bernard.

Chermes oleae Bern., 1782, Mem. Hist Nat. Acad. Marseille, p. 108.
Lecanium oleae Sign., 1873, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 440, PI. 13, fig. 12; Maskell,
1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 16.

Hah. Hawaiian Isles, on Citrus and Psiditwt (Maskell) ; Jamaica, N. America,
Europe, New Zealand.

(8) Coccus tessellatum, Signoret.

Lecanium tessellatum Sign., 1873, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 401, PI. 12, fig. 4;

Maskell, 1895, T^ans. N. Z. Inst. p. 17.
Hab. Hawaiian Isles, on ferns (Craw) ; Australia, etc.

(9) Coccus perforatum, Newstead.

I^ecanium perforatum Newst., 1894, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxx. p. 233.
Hab. ** On palms from Honolulu " (Craw),

HEMIPTERA 107

AspiDioTus Bouche.
Aspidiotus Bouche, 1833, Naturg, Ins. i. p, 8; Schadl. Gart Ins. p. 52.

(i) Aspidiottis mtrantii MaskelL

Aspidiohts aurantii Maskell, 1878, Trans, N. Z. Inst. p. 109; 1895, c>p. cit.

pp. 2 & 46; Green, 1896, Coccidae Ceylon, p. 42, PL 12; Newstead, 1901,

Mon. Coccidae British Isles, i. p. 88, Pis. i, 2, & 11.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles, '' from Honolulu, on a species of Podocarpits from Japan, a

good deal deeper red than the type" (Maskell); ''ubiquitous in warm temperate

countries^' (Maskell) ; Samoa, Viti Isles, Toga, New Zealand, Australia, New Caledonia

on Citrtis, California, Jamaica on Eticalypttis, Cyprus, Syria, Greece, and Ceylon.

(2) Aspidiohts cydoniae Comstock.

Aspidiotus cydoniae Comst., 1881, Agricult. Rep. for 1880, p. 295 ; Maskell, 1895,

Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 3 ; Green, 1896, Coccidae Ceylon, p. 46, PI. xiv.
A. cydoniae van tecta Maskell, 1897, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxiii. p. 240.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles, on Castiarina and orange trees, var. tecta on '' Okia' tree
(Maskell); Samoa, Ceylon, N. America.

(3) Aspidiotus persearum CockerelL
Aspidistus {sic) persearum Cock., 1898, Entom. p. 240.
Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Cockerell).

(4) Aspidiottis maskelli Cockerell.

Aspidiotus longispina Maskell, 1895, Trans, N. Z. Inst. xxvn. pp. 4 & 38, and

1897, Ent. Mo. Mag. xxxiii. p. 241 (nee Morgan).
A, {Morganella) maskelli Cock., 1897, Bull. U. S. Dep. Agric. Tech. ser. 6, p. 22'.
Aspidistus (sic) maskelli Cock, y 1898, Entom. p. 240^

Hab. Hawaiian Isles, on Citrus and Ma7igifera and on Kukui (Maskell); *'on
Ohia tree, from Kailua, N. Kona " (Cockerell) ; Brazil

" A minute bright-eyed mite (seemingly Gamasid) was very active and numerous
amongst" them and *' I found many of the Aspidioti which appeared to have been
pardy devoured, whether by this or some other parasite I could not determine "
(Maskell).

^ Each of these descriptions is marked ''n. sp."

io8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(5) Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock.

A spidiotus perniciostis Comst., 1881, Agricult. Rep. for 1880, p. 304; Lintner, 1895,
Bull N. York Mus. v. pp. 263 — 320; Howard and Marlatt, 1896, Bull. U. S.
Dep. Agric, New sen 3 (Plate); Cockerell, 1897, Bull. U. S. Dep. Agric.
Tech. ser. 6, pp. i— 31 ; Felt 1901, Bull. N. York Mus. ix. p. 304, PI. iii;
and Boynton, op. cit. pp. 349 — 350, Pis. xii & xiii.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Cockerell); N. America, China, Japan, Australia.

(6) Aspidiotus transparens Gi*een.

Aspidiotus transparens Green, 1890, Ins. pests Teaplant, p. 22.

A, lataniae Green, 1896, Coccidae Ceylon, p. 36, PI. viii (nee Sign.).

Hab. '*On Seaforthia elegans at San Francisco from Honolulu" (Cockerell);
India, Ceylon.

(7) Aspidiotus g-reenii Cockerell

Aspidiotus g-reenii Cock,, 1897, Bull U. S. Dep. Agric. Tech. ser. vi. p. 27, fig. 7.

Hab. '*With A. transparens from Honolulu" (Cockerell); Ceylon, New
Mexico, etc.

(8) Aspidiotus rapax Comstock.

Aspidiotus rapax Comst, 1881, Agricult. Rep. for 1880, p. 307, PI. xii, fig. 6.

A, 7iapax Newstead, 1897, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 94.

A. cametliae Signoret, 1869, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4) ix. p. 117; Green, 1896,

Coccidae Ceylon, p. 44, PL xiii (nee Boisduval) ; Newstead, 1901, Mon.

Coccidae British Isles, i. p. 91, Pis. iii, iv & xi.

Hab. Nearly cosmopolitan (Cockerell) ; Hawaiian Isles (Koebele) ; New Zealand,
North America, Europe, Algeria, etc.

(9) Aspidiotus duplex Cockerell.

Aspidiotus duplex Cock., 1896, Bull. Dep. Agric. Ent. Tech. ser. iv. p. 52.
HAii. Hawaiian Isles (Cockerell) ; America, Japan, etc.

HEMIPTERA 109

(10) Aspidiohis kederaCy Vallot.

Coccus hederae Vail., 1829, Mem. Acad. Dijon, pp. 30 33.

Aspidiotus hederae Felt, 1901, Bull. N. York Mus. ix. p. 333, PI. 7 ; Newst, 1901,

Mon. Coccidae British Isles, i. p. 120, Pis. viii, x, & xii.
A. nerii Bouche, 1833, Schadl. Gart. Ins. p. 52 ; Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst.

p. 4.
Evaspidiottis hederae Leonard!, 1897 & 1900^ Rivist. PatoL Veget. vi. & viii. p. 98.
Hab. Hawaiian Isles, on apple, pear, and palms (Maskell and Craw) ; Australia,
New Zealand, America, Europe. '* Almost omnivorous."

AuLACASPis Cockerell.
Aiilacaspis Cock., 1893, J- I^st. Jamaica, i. p. 180; 1902, Entom. xxxv. p. 58.

(1) Aiilacaspis ivsae, Bouche.

Aspidiotus rosae Bouche, 1833, SchadL Gart. Ins. p. 53.
Diaspis rosae Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 5.

Aiilacaspis [Diaspis] rosae Newst., Mon. Coccidae British Isles, i. p. 168, Pis. xiv,
xvii, & xviii.

Hab. Hawaiian Group, on rose (Maskell); almost everywhere on cultivated
roses (Newstead); New Zealand, Australia, China, Europe, N. and S, America, and
Antilles.

Diaspis Costa.
Diaspis O. G. Costa (1835 ??), Faun. Nap. Hem. Cocc. p. 19.

(i) Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret.

Diaspis boisduvalii Sign., 1869, Ann. Soc. Ent France, p. 432; Maskell, 1895,
Trans. N. Z. Inst. pp. 5 & 44 ; Newstead, Mon. Coccidae British Isles, i.
p. 153, Pis. xiii, xvi, & xviii.

Hab. Oahu, ''a leaf of orchid from Honolulu rather badly infested" (Maskell) ;
almost cosmopolitan under glass ; New Zealand, Australia, Europe, N. and S. America,
and Antilles.

no FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(2) Diaspis patelliformis Sasaki \

Diaspis patelliformis Sasaki, 1894, Bull. Coll. Agr. Tokyo, 11. pp. T07 — 121,

Pis. I & 2l
Hab. Craw records this with a note of interrogation from Honolulu on a shrub.
Originally described from Japan.

Parlatoria Targioni.
Parlatoria Targ. in Sign., 1869, Ann. Soc. Ent P^ ranee, p. 450.

(i) Parlatoria protetts, Ruricola.

Aspidiottis protetis Ruricola, 1843, Garden. Chron. p. 674.

Parlatoria proteus Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 6; Newst., Mon. Coccidae

British Isles, i. p. 140, Pis. 30, 32, 33.
P. proteus v^r, pergandii Comst., 1881, Agricult. Rep. for 1880, p. 327.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Koebele) ; Japan, Australia, Brazil, West Indies, N. America,
Europe.

(2) Parlatoria zizyphus, Lucas.

Coccus zizyphus Lucas, 1853, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (3) i. p. xxviii.

Parlatoria zizyphi Newst., Mon. Coccidae British Isles, i. p. 148, Pis. 30, 32, & 33.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Koebele) ; Mediterranean coast, on oranges ; China,

N. America.

Lepidosaphes Shimer.

Lepidosaphes Shimer, 1868, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. p. 361.
Mytilaspis Sign., 1870, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 91.

( I ) Lepidosaphes pinnaeforinis, Bouche.

Aspidiotus' pinnaeformis Bouche, 185 1, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xii. p. iii.

Coccus heckii E. Newman, 1869, Entom. iv. p. 217.

Aspidiotus citricola Packard, 1870, Guide Study Ins. ed. 2, p. 527.

Mytilaspis citricola Green, 1896, Coccidae Ceylon, p. 59, PI. xx.

AL pinnaeformis Newst, Mon. Coccidae British Isles, i. p. 204, Pis 25 — 27.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Koebele) ; New Zealand, Tahiti, Australia, N. America,
England.

^ Newstead makes this a synonym of D, pentagona Targioni, a cosmopolitan species.
" The spelling of the specific name is on the authority of the Zoological Record, as I have not been able
to see the original work. Craw spells it " patellaeformis."

'■ Newstead gives this reference incorrectly as *' Mytilaspis pinnaeformis.''

HEMIPTERA

1 1 1

(2) Lepidosaphes flava, Targioni.

Mytilaspis flava Targ. in Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1870, p. 96.
M.flava van kazvaiiensis Maskell 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst pp. 7 & 47.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles, **on bark of shade trees at Kauai" (Maskell); Europe,
N. America, Australia, New Zealand.

Probably a variety of M. pomorum Bouche.

(3) Lepidosaphes gloverii, Packard.

Coccus gloveiHi Packard, 1869, Guide Study Ins. p. 527.

Mytilaspis gloverii Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z, Inst. p. 7; Green, Coccidae
Ceylon, p. 63, PL 22.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Cockerell) ; Australia, on Citrus (Maskell), N. America,
Japan, S. Europe.

(4) Lepidosaphes pallida, Maskell.

Mytilaspis pallida Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 46 ; Green, 1896, Ind. Mus.

Notes, IV. No. I.
M, gloverii vax. pallida Green, Mon. Coccidae Ceylon, p. 65, PL 23.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles, on Podocarpus, imported into Honolulu from Japan
(Maskell) ;

(5) Lepidosaphes pomorum, Bouche.

A spidiotus pomorum Bouch6, 185 1, Stett. Ent. Zeit xii. p. no.

Mytilaspis pomorum Comst., 1883, Agricult. Rep. for 1882, p. 118 [sep. copyi*];

Maskell 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 7; Felt, 1901, Bull N. York Mus. ix.

p. 297, PL I ; Newstead, Mon. Coccidae British Isles, i. p. 194, Pis. 24 — 27'.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles, on apple (Maskell) ; New Zealand, Australia, China,
N. America, Brazil, Europe, Africa.

Howardia Berl. and Leon.
Howardia Berlese and Leonardi, Riv. PataL Veget. iv. p. 348.

' This is also probably the same species as Coccus ulmilAnxii, 1758, and Coccus linearis Modeer, 1778.
F. H. III. IS

112 FAUNA HAWAHENSIS

(i) Howardia biclavis, Comst;

ChionaspisiJ) biclavis Comst, 1883, Second Rep. Cornell, p. 98 [sep. ?].
C biclavis var. detecta Mask., 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst. pp. 9 & 49.
C biclavis Green, 1899, Coccidae Ceylon, p. 152, PL liv.
Howardia biclavis Leonardi, Riv. Fatal. Veget. iv. p. 348.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles, Kona, on bark of shade trees (Maskell) ; Tahiti, Ceylon,
N. America, Southern Mexico.

(2) Howardia eugeniae^ Maskell.

Chionaspis eugeniae Maskell, 1891, Trans. N. Z. Inst. p. 14; 1895, <^P- ^^t- P- 10.
Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Cockerell) ; Australia,

(3) Howardia prunicola, Maskell.

Chionaspis prunicola Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst. pp. 10&49, PL 2, figs. 3 — 5,
Hab. Hawaiian Isles, on Japanese Plum (Maskell).

FiORiNiA Signoret.
Fiorinia Targ. in Sign., 1869, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, {4) ix. p. 99.

( I ) Fiorinia pellucida Targ.

Diaspis fioriniae Targ., 1867, Mem. Soc. ItaL Sci. in. no. 3, p. 14, nee descr. i*.

Fiorinia pellucida Targ. in Sign., 1869, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 449.

F. camelliae Comst, 1881, Ent. Rep., p, 329 ; Maskell, 1895, Trans. N. Z. Inst.

p. 10.
F. fioriniae Green, Coccidae Ceylon, p. 73, PL 26; Newst., Mon. Coccidae L^ritish

Isles, I. p. 134, PL 29.

Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Cockerell) ; Europe, Japan, Oriental Region, Australia,
N. and S. America.

Signoret quotes arecae Boisd. as a synonym of this species and this has often been
repeated. The name however does not occur in the " Ent. Hortic." or any other work
of Boisduval I can trace.

HEMIPTERA 113

Tribe DIMERA.

Fam. PSYLLIDAE.

No previous records of Hawaiian Psyllids have been made, to my knowledge, and
only 18 individuals, all belonging to the sub-family Triozinae, have been collected by
Mr Perkins. Eleven specimens are referable to (probably) two species forming a new
genus, while the others belong to the widely distributed and specifically numerous
genus T^noza Forst. Dr L. O. Howard informs me that there is a good collection, as
yet unworked, in the U. S. National Museum.

Hf.vaheva, gen. nov.

Distinguished by the elongate, sub-parallel tegmina and their distinctly rounded
apical margin ; costa scarcely arched ; the entire absence of a short veinlet, or of a
marginal granule, in any of the posterior cells. Upper side of head and thorax glabrous,
except for sparse bristly hairs. Cones not very prominent. Stigma present.

Head (with eyes) as wide as mesonotum, a little wider than pronotum. Eyes
prominent. Vertex anteriorly strongly carinate transversely. Stigma somewhat
obscure, seeming at first to be only a thickening of the costa.

( I ) Hevaheva perkinsi, sp. nov.

PI. IV. fig. r.

Head, thorax, abdomen and tegminal nervures bright ochraceous, paler beneath.
Eyes blackish, ocelli rubid. Antennae (pallid) and tarsi fumate. Hairs pale ochraceous.
Tegmina hyaline, immaculate. Nervures slightly hairy. Pronotum slightly longer
medianly than the head (seen from above), a little shorter than the mesonotum.
Width of vertex between eyes subequal to the eyes together. Tegmina 2f times as
long as broad, radius slightly sinuate.

Long. Corp. 0*93 mm., lat. 0*51 mm., exp. tegm. 3I mm.

Hab. (ct) ?Oahu (August), Perkins; {b) Konahuanua ridge (March).

I have definitely determined 3 examples (a), while 7 others {b) almost certainly
belong to this. There is a single male, much larger, greenish in colour and with head
structure etc. different, but as it is gummed down on its dorsum on to card, I have
left it undetermined.

Trioza Forster.
Trioza Forster, 1848, Verb. Ver. Rheinl. v. p. 67.

114 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Trioza iolani, sp. nov.

PI. IV. fig, 2.

J. Pale green, abdomen beneath spotted and shortly striped with black. Eyes
red-brown, antennae pale flavous basally, blackish-brown apically. Elytra hyaline,
immaculate, nervures brownish. Tarsi fusco-testaceous. Cones strongly developed.
Costa rounded throughout, but not strongly ; radius sinuate, apex of 7th cell reaching
beyond base of 4th.

Long. 2*8 mm. (to apex abd.) ; 5*2 mm. (to apex of tegmina) ; expanse of tegmina
8*4 mm.

Hab. Kauai, Halemanu, 4000 ft. (May). — Oahu, Waialua (Perkins).

I have identified 2 t examples as belonging to this species, the remaining 6 Triozae
I have not definitely determined.

Division AUCHENORRHYNCHA.
[Fam. CICADIDAE.

It is remarkable that no representatives of this family of powerful insects have
yet been definitely recorded, though in the '* Voyage of the Blonde," ** Cicadas" are
recorded, though at that date this may well have meant Oliartis or Siphanta, It
is surprising that the genus Cicadetta Kolen, so widely distributed throughout the
Australian region, has not extended its range to the Hawaiian Isles.]

Fam. TETIGONIIDAE (or JASSIDAE).

Subfam. BYTHOSCOPINAE,

Bythoscopus Germ., Kirk,

Bythoscopus Germ., 1833, ^^v- Entom. i. p. 180 ; Kirk, 1901, Entom. xxxiv.

p. 340.
Macropis Auctt., nee Lew., typ.

(i) Bythoscopus kttkanaroa, sp. nov.

Head, pronotum and scutellum pale luteo-flavous ; frons transversely clouded with
blackish-brown in the middle, clypeus as in kaiamamao, pronotum and scutellum
obscurely spotted and dotted with dark brown, a reddish-brown spot near the

HEMIPTERA 115

exterior angles of the latter. Pronotum spotted with black at the base. Propleura
clouded with black. Elytra dilute olivaceous-brown (tending to a ruddy brownish tinge
towards the lateral margins and the apex), closely and minutely irrorated with blackish-
brown, except apically ; a whitish obscure spot near the apex of the clavus, and one or
two smaller ones on the corium. Nervures more or less reddish-brown, claval suture
pale flavous ; clavus apically black. Legs sordid flavous, spotted with black, tarsi more
or less blackish. Head and eyes very slightly wider than pronotum. Eyes about '^th
wider than base of vertex. Vertex apically rounded. Anterior margin of pronotum
widely roundly convex, lateral angles roundly obtuse-angled, lateral margins scarcely
reflexed, postero-lateral margin a little longer than the antero-lateral. Scutellum much
shorter than wide. Nervures well-marked, transverse nervures in clavus (these appear
to be absent in some European forms).
Long, nearly 6 mm., lat. 2 J mm.

Hab. Kauai, Halemana 4000 ft. (June), Perkins. A single specimen, without
abdomen.

(2) Bythoscoptis kaiamamao, sp. no v.

Very similar to B. ktikanaroa, but smaller, and the elytra without irrorations.

Head, pronotum and scutellum coloured as in kukanaroa, but less maculate ; a
somewhat obscure horseshoe-shaped mark on scutellum, and a slender longitudinal line
on vertex, brownish. Elytra dilute olivaceous, a little clouded with brownish-black
here and there, nervures mostly dark brownish. Frons more or less ferruginous,
clypeus obscure black, with a central and a lateral, slender, Hne, flavo-ferruginous.
Propleura clouded with black. Legs sordid flavous, clouded and spotted with black ;
intermediate femora ringed widely near the apex with black. Beneath flavo-ferruginous.
Head and eyes very slightly narrower than pronotum, vertex apically rounded.
Pronotum, scutellum and nervures as in kukanaroa. Eyes about one-third wider than
vertex at base.

^. Last " abdominal " segment transverse, sinuately emarginate apically, the
middle shortly minutely angularly emarginate, — without teeth. Genital segment very
long.

Long. 5 J mm. (to apex of elytra), lat. 2 mm.

Hab. Kauai, high plateau (August), Perkins; one specimen only.

(3) f Bythoscopiis peregrtnus Stal.

Byt hose opus peregrinus Stal, 1859, Eugenie's Resa Insekter, p. 291.

Hab. Oahu (Stal) ; also recorded from Tahiti, Rio Janeiro, and California.

ii6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(4) f Bythoscopus vidutis Stal.

Bythoscopus vidmts Stal, 1859, Eugenie's Resa Insekter, p. 291.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu (Stal) ; also from Tahiti.

I have not identified these two species and have not seen the types.

Subfani. TETIGONIINAE,

Of this, the typical subfamily, no examples were collected by Perkins, It is
possible that they have been overlooked, as the forms are practically cosmopolitan and
have considerable powers of distribution, one species, Tetigonia albida Walker, having
been recorded from India, Ceylon, Madagascar, South Africa, Philippines, North
Australia, etc. One genus and species only has been noted from our Fauna, viz.

Tetigonia Geoffr.

Tetigonia Geoffroy, 1761- — 62, Hist, abreg. Ins. 1. p 429; Kirk., 1900, Entom.

xxxiTi. p. 262.
= Tettigonia auctt, nee Linne.

(i) Tetigonia varicolor, Sign.

Tettigonia varicolor Si^novQt, 1854, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, {3) 11. p. 15, PI i, fig. 15.
Hab. Oahu, Honolulu. I have not seen this.

Subfam. J A SSI DAE.

I have not completed my investigations on this difficult group, and reserve them
for a later communication.

Fam. FULGORIDAE.

This great family is represented by a large number of Asiracinae (which will be
treated in another communication) and Fulgorinae ; and a single genus and species
of Poekillopterinae.

Siibfam. POEKILLOPTERINAE Kirk.
( = Hatida, etc., Stal, 1866.)
This widely distributed group is represented by a single genus and species.

FIEMIPTERA n;

SiPHANTA Stal

Siphanta Stal, 1866, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 238 ; Melichar, 1902, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.
Wien, XVII. p. 36.

Phalamesthes Kirkaldy, 1899, Ent. Nachr. xxv. p. 359.

Allied to Psetidofiata Guerin, but distinguished by the much shorter second segment
of the antennae ; differs from Carthaea Stal by the unispinose posterior tibiae.

Head, pronotum and scutellum lying in the same plane ; vertex roundly produced
in front of the eyes, horizontal, acutely marginate, medianly carinate, reticulate ; ocelli
very distinct, first segment of antennae very short, second comparatively short, scarcely
attaining to margins of genae \ Scutellum tricarinate. Tegmina highly decumbent,
apically truncate, without any series of transverse nervures apically, densely reticulate,
costal area transversely venose. Posterior tibiae unispinose. Abdomen compressed.

When describing Phalainesthes, I did not know Siphanta except by Stal's too
laconic diagnosis. Melichar notes it as distributed over Australia, Tasmania, Java,
St Helena, and the Hawaiian Archipelago.

(i) Siphanta acuta, Walker.

Poeciloptera acuta Walker, 1851, List., 11. p. 448.
Phalainesthes schauinslandi Kirkaldy, 1899, Ent. Nachr. p. 359.
Siphanta acuta Melichar, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. p. 37, PI. iii, fig. 13.

Hab. Oahu, Hilo (Mus. Bremen); Honolulu Mts. {June, July), Perkins;
Australia and Tasmania (Melichar), I have seen to examples.

Subfam. FULGORINAE,

Tribe CrXIARIA.

In this litde known tribe are included the genera in which the head is not angulate
laterally ; the anal area of the hindwings not reticulate, clavus not, or scarcely, granulate ;
and the claval vein joining the commissural vein near (but not at) the apex of the
clavus. There are usually three ocelli, but if only two, the clypeus is usually not
laterally carinate. This tribe shades into, and is probably not sharply separable from,
the Dictyophoraria. Two genera are present in our fauna, viz. the widely distributed
Oliarus Stal, which as at present constituted is perhaps a little heterogeneous, and
lolania, which I have thought advisable to separate from the widely distributed
Cixius Latreille. Oliarus has five keels on the scutellum, lolania only three.

^ This corrects and amplifies my original description.

ii8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

The discrimination of species in this group is a matter of some little difficulty. We
have a fair knowledge of the European species, but only a fragmentary and inadequate
acquaintance with extra- European forms. The characters relied on by European
authorities are the shape and size of the setigerous granules on the tegmina, the form
of the vertex and the colouring of various parts ; the first and last I have found of little
or no value \ the second of some degree of worth, but even in this there is some little
amount of variation — to how great an extent caused by shrinking in dried specimens I
am not sure. In what appears to be the same species the frons and clypeus may be black
or pallid or varying between the two. There is, however, usually a more or less large
pallid spot at the sides near the junction of these two parts ; the pronotum may be
black entirely, or pallid entirely, or black with more or less widely pallid margins. The
scutellum may be entirely black, or entirely pallid, or black with ferruginous or pallid
keels". In lolania the t genital segments are comparatively simple, but are very
complex in Oliarus, and I have not used them for specific purposes at present, until
1 have had an opportunity of examining American or Polynesian material.

In these two genera the frons and vertex are contiguous, but separated by a
portion of the head which appears truncate when the head is viewed in profile. This
I have called the **fossette." It is keeled on each side and is more or less hollowed
out. It is usually simple, or more or less obscurely (generally very obscurely) carinate
medio-longitudinally ; in Oliarus tamehameha and orono, however, it is distinctly
longitudinally bicarinate. Fieber and Melichar consider this part of the head as a
portion of the vertex, while some authors apparently treat it as part of the frons.

The genera are easily recognized as follows :

Scutellum with 3 keels; costal margin of tegmina strongly granulate {i) lolania YAxk.

Scutellum with 5 keels; costal margin not or only obscurely granulate {2) O/mrus Stkl

loLANiA, gen. nov.

Allied to Cixius Latreille, but differing principally by the structure of the vertex.

Vertex anteriorly considerably narrowed, apical margin acutangularly produced
beyond apical margin of eyes, base of vertex deeply roundly emarginate ; vertex
hollowed out, not (or very obscurely) medio-longitudinally carinate. Middle carina
of the evanescent posteriorly. Front as in Cixius, two ocelli (or a third, very obscure).
Posterior tibiae with very feeble spinelets. Type L perkinsi Kirk.

* In Hawaiian forms.

- In the palaearctic forms, species are based upon the colour — (i) black or (2) ferruginous — of the
scutellar keels. Is not the ferruginous colour, and still more the pallid colour in some Hawaiian forms, due
simply to arrested ontogenetic colour-development?

HEMIPTERA 119

( I ) lolania perkinsu sp. nov.

PL IV. fig. 3.

Brownish testaceous, eyes blackish-brown. Beneath testaceous, abdomen deep
brown. Tegmina flavo-cinereous-hyaline, generally irregularly and sparsely spotted
towards the apex. Interior claval area spotted with blackish-brown, or almost entirely
black. Stigma brownish-black. Tegminal granules subequal in size, setigerous, some-
what irregularly placed, usually roundish. Rostrum reaching to apex of posterior coxae.

t' First genital segment beneath basally deeply-roundly emarginate, apically
roundly emarginate, with an acute triangular horizontal projection in the middle.
Claspers long, something like those of Cixius stigmaticus Scott, but not so stout
apically. Anal tube not dentate,

$. Somewhat larger than the males, the nervures often stronger and more strongly
granulate. First three (?) segments of the abdomen beneath straight, fourth roundly
emarginate apically, fifth profoundly roundly emarginate apically, sixth sinuately
emarginate.

Long. 5 — 7 mm. (to apex of tegmina) ; expanse 12^ — 13^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 2000ft., October, November; Olaa, September, November,
December; above the Amaula Hills. 2000 ft, December; above Hilo, 1800 ft.,
December ; Kaumana, 2000 ft., January ; Kilauea, July, August. — Oahu, Waimea
watershed, April, Honolulu, 2000 ft., June, July, and October ; Koolau range, 2000 ft,,
April ; Kawailoa gulch, April. — Lanai, 2000 ft., July, October ; Halepaakai, July
(Perkins).

An apparently common species in Hawaii and Oahu. The elytra vary from
colourless to a yellowish tinge. One specimen has an irregular inverted V-shaped
band at the apex of the corium. The scutellum varies from brown-testaceous
(immature ?) to blackish-brown. I have seen about 40 examples.

Oliarus Stal.

Oliarits Stal, 1862, Berlin. Ent. Zeit. vi. p. 306.
Oliarius Melichar, 1896, Cicad. Mittel-Eur. p. 29.

The Hawaiian species of Oliarus are distinguished by the costa being not at all or
only very slightly granulate, the granules then being as a rule larger than the other
tegminal granules, which are minute, round and setigerous. Unlike the palaearctic
species, these hairs vary in colour, being sometimes black, sometimes white, sometimes
even particoloured, but most often, though not always, the dark parts of the nervures
bear dark hairs, the pallid parts pallid hairs. The nervures themselves are very
F. H. in. 1 6*

I20 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

variable in colour, being sometimes almost entirely pallid flavous or fuscous (except
apically where they are most often dark) or entirely dark or alternately (on the same
nervure) annulate dark and pale. The tegulae, on the colour of which palaearctic
species are based, are also dark or pale or both. The frons and clypeus vary in the
same way. There are such numerous transitions in all these points, in forms otherwise
apparently identical, that it has been impossible to regard them as of any specific value.
There is a distinct tendency in several species, particularly kajiakamis and tarai, to
melanism in the Molokaian specimens. (9. tamehameha, orono, and hevaheva appear
to me to be sharply characterized, well defined species. <9. kanakamis is well separated
from the other species, but I am not sure that two distinct but closely allied forms are
not included ; tarai drifts by certain transitions, not too complete however, to 7norai,
which, in the absence of structural differences, I have reckoned merely as a van of the
former, Opuna seems distinct by the short almost square vertex and the picturation
of the tegmina.

The specimens from Molokai are often distinctly darker, particularly in O. kanakantts
and O, taraL The species may be provisionally divided as follows :

1. Costa notably arched and thickened near the base ; tegmina broad in

proportion to their length ij) hevaha^a ¥J\x\,

\a, Costa not notably arched or thickened, tegmina usually somewhat elongate 2.

2. Larger species, not less than 18 mm, in expanse of tegmina ; nervures robust 3.

2a. Smaller species, not more than 17 mm. in expanse; nervures slight , 4.

3. Pallid ; lateral margins of vertex subparallel ; disc of vertex black with a

subcarinate median longitudinal pale stripe ; vertical fossette distinctly

medianly longitudinally carinate (i) tamehameha Kirk.

3a. Dark ; lateral margins distinctly converging towards the apex ; no pallid

median line on vertex and vertical fossette not carinate {2) kanakanus Kirk.

4. Vertical fossette distinctly bicarinate medianly; tegmina yellowish hyaline,

irregularly spotted {6) orono Kirk.

4«. Vertical fossette not carinate, or only somewhat obsoletely unicarinate 5.

5. Base and apex of tegmina broadly dark smoky [or altogether so (var. morat)\. . ,{^) tarai Kirk.
5a. Tegmina whitish or pale yellowish hyaline, banded or spotted with blackish-
brown 6.

6. Vertex scarcely or not produced in front of the eyes, subparallel-sided,

apically truncate {4) opuna Kirk.

6a. Vertex distinctly produced in front of the eyes ; tegmina immaculate ; vertex

angulate apically. (7) koanoa Kirk,

Oltarus is almost cosmopolitan, both continental and insular. Scudder has doubt-
fully referred to it as an Insect from the Oligocene of N. America,

(i) Olia7nis tamehameha, sp. nov,
Plate IV. fig. 4.

Pale sordid fuscous. Eyes, vertex on either side of the central narrow longitudinal
stripe (except the almost vertical lateral margins), tegminal nervures in part — black ; rest

HEMIPTERA

121

of nervures, including stigma (except a short biack stripe internally), pale flavescent.
Tegmina hyaline, costal margin and tegulae sordid flavescent. Head beneath, sterna
and legs pallid except the brownish femora tibiae. Abdomen black, lateral and apical
margins pallid. Tegmina with mixed hairs. Vertex slighdy produced in front of the
eyes, anterior transverse margin almost truncate, slighdy rounded or obtusangular,
lateral margins a little longer than the space between the eyes at base, about \ wider
than vertex anteriorly. Vertical fossette distinctly bicarinate (the keels outwardly
curved), dorsal margin of forehead truncate. Eyes together five-eighths wider than
vertex. Ulnar nervure furcate nearer the apex of the wing than is the furcation of the
radial ' ; lateral margins of tegmina subparallel, interior margin scarcely ampliate near
the apex, length of tegmen a trifle more than three times its middle breadth. Costal
area not spotted. First segment of posterior tarsi 3 J times as long as the second.

^. Rostrum reaching almost to apex of genital segments. 5th abdominal sternite
straight apically, 6th obtusangularly emarginate.

$. Rostrum reaching beyond apex of 6th abdominal segment. 4th abdominal
sternite apically straight, 5th slightly obtusangularly emarginate, 6th profoundly
angularly emarginate, the middle concealed by the 5th, the lateral one-fifth straight.
Terebra long, acuminate, reaching nearly as far as apex of ultimate tergite. ist genital
sternite almost rectangularly emarginate medianly, with a square-ended process.

t. Long. 7I mm. (to apex of abdomen) ; lof mm. (to apex of tegmina) ; expanse
19 mm.

$. Long. 8 and \2\ mm., expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Kauai, 2000 to 4000 ft. (January, February, July, August, October), high
plateau (August) ; Halemanu, 4000 ft. (May).

(2) Oliarus kanakanus, sp. no v.

Plate IV. fig. 5.

Allied to O. tamehameha but smaller, darker, tegmina not so elongate, vertex
narrower apically.

Black, the interolateral margins of vertex more or less widely, and entirely, genae
and pronotum more or less ; margins of tegulae, apical margin of 4th abdominal tergite,
apical margins of first three or four abdominal sternites, coxae, metasternum more or
less, — pallid. Rostrum and legs sordid fuscotestaceous, Tegmina hyaline, nervures
white and brownish in wide alternate rings. Stigma black, more or less whitish
internally. Clavus immaculate or with two to three brownish-black spots. Nervures
with mixed hairs. Costal area spotted or at least discoloured. Lateral margins of
vertex apically converging, nearly three times as long as apical width between them

^ The extent of the remoteness is a little variable.

16 — 2

122 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

and a little longer than basal space between them ; apical margin slightly rounded.
Ulnar forked nearer apex than is the radial. Eyes together a little more than twice
as wide as vertex at base. Vertical fossette subquadrate rotundate, not longitudinally
carinate. Rostrum reaches well beyond apex of posterior coxae.

^. Long. 9 mm. (to apex of tegmina) ; expanse 1 8 mm.

%, Long. lo— II mm. (to apex of tegmina) ; expanse igf — 21^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (September), Kilauea (July, August). — Maui, Haleakala,
5000 ft. (May). — Oahu, Honolulu (September).

(3) Oliarus hevahevay sp. no v.

Plate IV. fig. 6.

Similar in general appearance to O, kanakanus, but the tegmina are much broader
in proportion and more arched costally, costa notably thickened near the base.

Black ; lateral margins of vertex, basal nervures (except costa) fuscous, the latter
with blackish granules ; apical nervures blackish-brown. Lateral margins of frons,
narrowly, basal half of rostrum etc. pale brownish-testaceous. Legs pallid, an irregular,
curved brownish band near apex of tegmen. Vertex much as in O. kanakamtSy one-half
wider at base than an eye, about two-fifths longer than wide at base, which is 2^ times
as wide as apical margin. Forehead subquadrate, not carinate longitudinally. Rostrum
reaching beyond apex of posterior coxae. Tegmen 2^ times as long as wide medianly,

<?. Long. 6 mm. (to apex of abdomen) ; 9^ mm. (to apex of elytra) ; expanse
17^ — 18 mm.

?. Long. 8^ and \o\ mm., expanse 2\\ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 2000 ft. (February, June). — Lanai, 2000 ft. (February),
Perkins. I have seen five males and one female.

(4) Oliarus opuna, sp. nov.

Plate IV. fig. 7.

Distinguished from other small species by the shorter, more parallel-sided vertex,
which does not (or scarcely) project beyond anterior margin of eyes.

Black ; lateral margins of vertex etc., apical margins of abdominal sternites etc.
pallid. Legs flavescent, longitudinally striped and marked with black (or only fumate) ;
scutellar keels ferruginous. Tegmina milky hyaline, nervures pale sordid flavous,
granules pale brown or black, hairs pale ; basal margin, a thin transverse line across the
middle, and a slightly undulate thin line from stigma to apex of clavus — brownish-black ;
transverse apical nervures fumate, nebulose ; costal area spotted.

Vertex slightly wider basally than long, one-half longer than wide apically. Vertex
at base as wide as (or a trifle wider than) the eyes together, apically truncate. F'orehead

HEMIPTERA 123

transverse, not carinate longitudinally. Rostrum reaching beyond apex of posterior
coxae. Tegmina three times as long as wide medianly, slightly ampliatecl apically,

t %. Long. 4*2 mm. to apex of abdomen, 6*4 mm. to apex of tegmina, expanse
\T\ to 12*3 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (August), 5 examples, Perkins.

(5) Oliartts tm^ai, sp. nov.

Plate IV. figs. 8 & 9.

Black ; lateral margins of vertex and of scutellum pale fulvous (scutellum sometimes
almost entirely pale fulvous), lateral margins and keel of clypeus and frons ferruginous.
Tegmina whitish hyaline, nervures pale brownish, with a dark smoky or brownish-black
band at the base, also the apical one-third of tegmina the same tint. Stigma and apex
of rostrum black. Base of rostrum, head beneath, legs and sterna fulvous. Tegminal
granules and hairs brownish-black. Abdomen black, connexivum black (J) or pallid ($)
(femora sometimes more or less blackish). Length and basal width of vertex subequal,
basal width about three-fifths more than width of an eye, and about one-half greater
than apical width, the apical margin slightly rounded or subangulate. Rostrum reaching
to base of posterior femora. Vertical margin of forehead angularly emarginate, generally
not carinate, sometimes obscurely carinate. Tegmina nearly three times as long
as wide.

?. Terebra somewhat short.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (December). — Molokai, 4000 ft. (June).— Oahu, Honolulu,
2000 ft. (March, September) ; Waimea, 3000 ft. (February) ; Waianae Mts. (April).

var. a. ^. Lateral margins and keel of frons and clypeus black, apical margin
of vertex truncate.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala (May).

var. /8. moral, as in the type, but tegmina and wings entirely dark smoky or
blackish-brown.

Hab. Molokai Mts., 4000ft. (June— September). — Maui, Haleakala, 5000ft. (May),
nine examples from Molokai and one from Maui.

^. Long, si — sh ^"^' (to apex of abdomen) ; 7 — 7I mm. (to apex of tegmina) ;
expanse 13^ — 14 mm.

$. Long. 5^ — 64 mm. (to apex of abdomen) ; 8| — 9 mm. (to apex of tegmina) ;
expanse 14I — 15I mm.

The distribution of the supposed species of which I have se^en 2t, examples is
therefore Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Oahu.

124 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(6) Oliarus orono, sp. nov.

Plate IV. fig. lo.

Somewhat like O, optinay but larger and stouter, vertex longer, converging anteriorly,
and acutangulate apically.

Testaceous, legs and scutellum fuscous, abdomen black. Tegmina yellowish
hyaline (at least in part), nervures particoloured, brownish-black and whitish or
yellowish. Tegminal hairs black. Base of corium irregularly darkly nebulose, a dark
band across the middle, apex sparsely spotted. Costal area immaculate. Stigma
pallid. Frons pallid. Width of head across eyes about twice as great as length of
vertex, which is one-third longer than wide at base, five-sevenths wider at base than at
apex, slightly produced in front of the eyes, apically acutangled. Forehead distinctly
bicarinate. Tegmina 3*1 times as long as broad medianly.

^. Rostrum reaching to apex of posterior coxae.

$. Rostrum reaching well beyond apex of posterior coxae.

Long. 6 mm. (to apex of abdomen) ; 8^ mm. (to apex of tegmina) ; expanse
\b\ — 17 rnm.

Hab. Kauai, 4000 ft. (July).

(7) Oliariis koanoa, sp. nov.

Plate IV. fig. II.

Black ; tegmina hyaline, immaculate, nervures pallid except the apical ones which
are fumate. Costa somewhat fumate. Tegminal hairs black. Stigma blackish-brown.
Legs sordid testaceous. Vertex long, narrow, lateral margins subparallel, narrowing a
little anteriorly, subrectangular apically ; vertex two-thirds longer than wide at base,
one-half wider at base than at apex. Tegmina nearly three times as long as wide
medianly.

Long. 5 mm. (to apex of abdomen) ; 6^ — 8 mm. (to apex of tegmina) ; expanse

Hab. Widely distributed throughout the group.

There are also a number of forms which apparently differ from the above only by
the vertex being truncate apically, and others, with tegmina varyingly spotted, which
I have not yet cleared up to my satisfaction.

Subfam. ASIRACINAE.

( = Delphacida Stal.)

The investigations upon this group are not yet complete and will form part of a
subsequent communication. The only species yet recorded is

'' Delphax'' piilch^a Stal, 1854, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Forh, xii. p. 246, from Oahu.

HEMIPTERA 125

Suborder HETEROPTERA,

Schiodte's classification is here adopted to a large extent, as being probably nearest
the truth of any systems yet promulgated. Miridae, Acanthiidae, Coinxidae, and
Notonedidae are, to some extent at least, representatives of former links in the direct
Pagiopod line, while the following order, viz. : Redttviidae, Gerridae, Pyrrhoco7ndae,
Hebridae, Lygaeidae ( = Coreidae), Ciniicidae, is somewhere near the truth in the case of
the Trochalopoda.

Tribe PAGIOPOD A.

Fam. MIRIDAE Kirk.

( = Anthocoridae + Capsidae + Cimicidae auctt.)

Subfam. ANTHOCORINAE,

'' This group is not richly represented, as far as I have observed, in the Hawaiian
Archipelago '."

Triphleps Fieber.

TiHphleps Fieber, i86o, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. iv. p. 266; Renter, 1885, Act.

Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv. p. 89.
Probably cosmopolitan, though not yet recorded from Australia or the South
Pacific.

(1) Triphleps per seqttens^ White.

Triphleps persequens F. B. White, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist. (4) 20, p. 111 ; Renter,

1885, Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv. p. 661.
Hab. a single specimen (measuring 2 mm. long by f mm, wide) from Lanai
(November), Perkins.

Physopleurella Renter.

Physoplettrella Renter, 1885, Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv. p. 678.
Not found outside the Hawaiian Islands.

' Blackburn, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1888, p. 34S.

126 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Physopletirella iminduhis, White.

Cardiastethus munduhis F. B. White, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 20, p. iii, and

(5) I. P- 365.
Pkysoplcurella mundtda Reuter, 1885, Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv. p. 679.

Hab. ** Not rare about the outside of roofs of houses'' (White). Oahu, Kaala
Mts. (December). — Kaui, Lihue (July), Perkins. I have seen two specimens.

Lasiochilus Reuter.

Lasiochilus Reuter, 1871, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Forh. p. 562 ; and 1884, Act. Soc. Sci.
F'enn. xiv. p. 567.
Dilasia Reuter, 1871, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Forh. p. 563.
subg. ISemiotoscelis Reuter, 1885, Act. Soc, Sci. Fenn. p. 578.
Hapa F. B. White, 1878, P. Zool. Soc. London, p. 465.
Cosmopolitan except Australia and the South Pacific.

(i) Lasiochihis denigrata. White.

Dilasia{}) denzg-rala White, 1879, Ent. Mo. Mag. xvi. p. 146.

v. (?) decolor White, op. cit. p. 147.

Lasiochilus {^Dilasia) denigratus Reuter, 1885, Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv. p. 577.

Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea, 3000 ft. (White); Kona, 2500 ft. (September); Olaa ;
above Hilo, 1800ft. (December) ; Kilauea (July, August). — Oahu, Honolulu (White). —
Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (March, April), Perkins, — Lanai, 2000 ft. (January) ; Mts.
Koele, 3000 ft (F^ebruary and July).

Mr Perkins has collected 2^ specimens of Lasiochilus which I refer to this species,
though none of them accord exactly with the colour descriptions of White and Reuter.
These specimens differ also greatly among themselves, and had I had before me only
the two or three extreme forms, I should have probably described them as different
spedes. The intermediate forms both of size and colour, however, prevent me from
separating them here.

The commonest form is :

(i) Head, pronotum and scutellum shining blackish-brown; elytra dead black
with short yellowish hairs, and with the following ochraceous marks, clavus with a large
spot about the middle, the extreme base of coriuni, apical half of clavocorial suture and
two or three submedian corial spots ; membrane fumate with two or three basal, and
one apical spot.

HEMIPTERA 127

A common form has

(2) elytra immaculate dead black ;
and there are two examples of

(3) elytra largely pale dirty ochraceous, soiled with brownish ; cuneus blackish-
brown.

There are intermediate forms between these.
The other parts vary as follows :

(a) Abdomen from shining black to shining darkish-brown.

()8) Legs from entirely fuscotestaceous to pitchy-black.

Some of the males have a small spine near the apex of the anterior femora, and in
some examples, the embolium is not distinctly indicated.
t ?. Long. 2f — 1\ mm. ; lat. f — i-^^ mm.

Nesidiocheilus, gen. nov.

Head in front of eyes about equal to length of one eye. Ocelli between the eyes
and close to them. Two ultimate segments of antennae slender, more or less pilose.
Pronotal annulus scarcely discernible, lateral margins of pronotum narrowly reflexed
(at least in part). Base of scutellum opaque, pubescent ; metapleura without elevated
carina. Elytra minutely and closely irregularly punctured ; hamus of wing proceeding
from the connecting nervure. Third segment of posterior tarsi almost as long as first
and second together.

I have unfortunately had to make a new genus from a single carded example. It
cannot be Lilia delecta as that insect is said to be regularly impresso-punctate, and the
colouring is different. The anterior femora in Nesidiocheilus are moreover unarmed,
though said to be toothed in Lilia, It is most closely allied to Lasiochilus Reuter, but
is at once distinguished by the punctured elytra.

(i) NesidiockeilMS hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, abdomen above and below (sterna ?), first and third
segments and apex of second segment of antennae — black or blackish ; base of second
segment of antennae, clypeus, cuneus, and corium apically, more or less darkly fumate.
Rest of elytra and the legs flavescent.

Head (with eyes) one- third wider than long, vertex nearly as wide as the eyes

together. Head (with eyes) about as wide as the length of the second segment of

antennae, which is thick, a little thicker apically than at the base. Base of pronotum

sinuately emarginate, a little more than twice as wide as the head and eyes together,

F. H. HI. 17

128 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

which are not quite so wide as the anterior margin of pronotum. Anterior callosity
of pronotum not divided^ its base biemarginate. Pronotum irregularly rugulose.
Embolium apically dilated. Nervures of membrane hyaline, except one (which does
not nearly reach the exterior margin) which is almost contiguous to the apical margin of
the wide cuneus.

Long. 4|- mm. (to apex of elytra) ; lat. i|^ mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 7000 — 10,000 ft (May), Perkins, i example.

BucHANANiELLA Reuter,

Buchananiella Reuter, 1885, Act Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv. p. 680.
Insular, occurring also in Tasmania and Madeira.

(i) Buchananiella sodalis, White.

Cardiastethus sodalis White, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist (5) i. p. 372.
Buchananiella sodalis Reuter, 1885, Act Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv. p. 681.

** Not very common, about the outside of the roofs of houses in company with
C mundulus'' (White). Mr Perkins has not taken it.

(2) Buchananiella^ sp. ?

'' I have a single specimen of an insect allied to C. sodalis White, which is
probably new\"

LiLiA White.

Lilia F. B. White, 1879, Ent Mo. Mag. xvi. p. 147 ; Reuter, 1885, Act Soc. Sci.
Fenn. xiv. p. 607.

Confined to the Hawaiian Islands.

(i) Lilia dilecta White.

Lilia dilecta F. B. White, 1879, Ent Mo. Mag. xvi. p. 147 ; Reuter, 1885, Act
Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv. p. 608.

Hab. Maui, at about 5000 ft (White). Not taken by Mr Perkins. ' '' Not in-
frequently met with in beating branches of trees on the higher mountains" (Blackburn).

^ Blackburn, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) ni. p. 348.

HEMIPTERA 129

Subfam. CACODMINAE Kirk,
( = Cimicinae, plur. auctt.)

Klinophilos Kirkaldy.
Klinophilos Kirk., 1899, Entomologist, p. 219.

This genus is cosmopolitan, but it is possible that the ** Bedbug" so often reported
by travellers from various countries may not always be K, lectularius,

(i) Klinophilos lectularius, Linne.

Cimex lectularius Linne, 1758, Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 441 ; Saunders, 1892, Hemipt.

Heter. Brit. Isl. p. 186, PL 17, fig. 5.
Acanthia lectularia Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Ent. p. 693; Douglas and Scott, 1865,

Brit. Hemipt. p. 510, PI. 17, fig. 7.
Klinophilos lectularius Kirkaldy, 1899, Entomologist, xxxii. p. 219.

Hab. ** Distressingly abundant" (Blackburn); "Far too common" (White).
Mr Perkins has not sent it to England.

**An insect which cannot be distinguished from this is found in the lower
Tertiaries of Scotland \"

Subfam. MIRINAE.
( = Capsidae, auctt.)

SuLAMITARIAy dlV. HOV. *

No trace of a cuneal suture in either form. Anterior part of scutellum covered, no
pronotal collar. Pronotum and elytra impresso-punctate, membrane with two cells
(one obsolete), clavus distinct, corium with a central nervure ; wings with an areole, no
hamus. Posterior coxae almost contiguous, remote from lateral margin of body ;
posterior femora subelongate, not incrassate.

SuLAMiTA, gen. nov.

Head broad, strongly marginate at base; with eyes much wider than anterior
margin of pronotum ; strongly declivous, almost horizontal, anteriorly rounded ; antennae
placed close to eyes, almost at apex of head (as seen from above) ; first segment
two-thirds longer than head (as seen from above), second 2^ times as long as first.
Pronotum, head basally, scutellum, pleura and elytra strongly, impresso-punctate.

^ In Kirby, 1892, J. Linn. Soc. xxiv. p. iii.

17 — 2

I30 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Pronotum narrowed in front but not collared ; mediolongitudinally carinate ; posteriorly
produced over anterior margin of scutellum ; twice to 2\ times as long as head, and
nearly four times as long as scutellum (macropterous) or 3^ times (brachypterous) ;
claval commissure 3 — 3^ times as long as scutellum.

Macropterous : corium very long, one-half longer than abdomen, apically acuminate,
apical margin sinuate, costal margin narrowly reflexed ; corium with an apically
evanescent mediolongitudinal nervure.

Brachypterous : like the former but altogether much shorter.

Type Sulamita lunalilo Kirk.

I. Puncturation strong and fine {i) lunalilo, sp. nov,

la. Puncturation scattered and superficial {2) opuna, sp. nov.

(i) Sulamita lunalilo^ sp. nov.

Plate IV. figs. 12 — ^14.

More or less shining, very variable in pattern. Head, pronotum, scutellum and
clavus black ; pronotum mediobasally and clavus medioapically, obscurely pallid.
Corium black, interior area and apicoexterlorly, pallid cinereo-testaceous. Beneath black,
except antennae and legs which are immaculate pallid testaceous ; third and fourth
and apex of second segments of antennae fumate. Rostrum pallid, apically fumate.
Membrane hyaline subfumate, nervures subfumate. Vertex very finely punctured except
submedianly on each side ; nearly three times as wide at base as one eye. Eyes
touching pronotum. Rostrum reaches base of intermediate coxae, short, thick ; fourth
segment flattened, dilated. Antennae a little shorter than body-length including elytra,
or a little longer than length to apex of abdomen ; second segment 2\ times as long
as first, about three (?) times as long as fourths Pronotum anteriorly sometimes not
impresso-punctate, but subrugose-punctured ; base of pronotum subtruncate (slightly
subangularly emarginate) ; posterior femora not reaching apex of abdomen ; coxae
practically contiguous.

Var. Head brownish, anterior half of pronotum, apex of second apical two-thirds
of third, and fourth (entirely) segments of antennae, scutellum, apical margin of corium,
and the ventral surface — black. Pronotum sometimes distinctly, though slightly,
constricted and transversely impressed.

Long. 2\~i\ mm. ; lat. f — i mm.

Hab. Hawaii (September), Kona, 2000 — 3500 ft. (July, September to November).
— Oahu, Mohuleua (April); Waianae Mts. (April). — Lanai, Halepaakai (July). — Kauai,
high plateau (August) ; Makaweli, 2500 ft. (February), Perkins. I have examined
26 specimens.

^ Antennae unfortunately always a little shrivelled.

HEMIPTERA

131

(2) Sulamita opuna, sp. no v.

I separate this somewhat hesitatingly from the first, but the puncturation of
pronotum and elytra (especially of the former) is very much more scattered and
superficial, and the anterior lobe of pronotum is more constricted. Pallid cinereo-
testaceous, punctures brownish-testaceous. Eyes, inner margin of coriuni in great part,
and a spot near the middle of apical margin, also extreme apex — blackish-brown.
Pronotum more or less clouded in the middle. Beneath pallid testaceous, sterna
blackish.

?. Long. 4 mm. ; lat. i-^ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Kaala, 2000 ft. (April) ; i example.

Division Chlamvdataria Kirk.
( = Plagiognatharia Renter.)

PsALLUS, Fieber.

Psallus Fieber, 1858, Wien Ent. Monatschr. 11. p. 320; Renter, 1884 (?)\ Act.
Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiii. p. loi.

Recorded from the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions and from St Helena, but
it is probably cosmopolitan.

(i) Psallus sharpianus, sp. nov.

Plate V. fig. 31.

t %. Macropterous.

Pale sanguineous spotted all over (including femora and tibiae) with black
tuberculate spots, except on the more or less infumately luteous membrane. Pubescence
mixed, pale and black. First segment of antennae pale fulvous, second more or less
fulvous, third and fourth black. Spines of posterior tibiae and the apical segment
of posterior tarsi, black. Cuneal suture generally narrowly pallid, wings iridescent
(violet, purple, crimson, and green). Abdomen above blackish or livid. Ventral
surface pale luteous, spiracles black. Vertex somewhat faintly longitudinally impressed.
First segment of antennae somewhat incrassate, second 4|- times as long as first,
five-sixths longer than third, 2\ times as long as fourth, and subequal to base of
pronotum. Rostrum scarcely reaching beyond intermediate coxae. Pronotum not
(or very slightly) transversely impressed. Posterior femora greatly incrassate, tibiae

^ As far as I have yet been able to ascertain, separate copies of Renter's paper were issued 1878,
but the volume of the Acta containing it was not distributed till 1884.

132 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

strongly spinose, about four times as long as tarsi, third tarsal segment not shorter than
first and second together.

^. Second segment of antennae somewhat evenly thickened ; vertex about as
wide as the eyes together. First genital segment three times as long as the ultimate
abdominal ; forceps sickle-shaped, ribbon-like.

$. Antennae slender, vertex one-half wider than the two eyes together. Ultimate
abdominal segment above roundly emarginate, beneath widely biemarginate.

Long. 3*3 — 3*5 mm. ; lat. V2 mm.

var. a. The sanguineous replaced by luteous.

Hab. Of the type and van a I have seen 17 examples from Hawaii, Kona,
4000 ft. (July, August) ; Kilauea (August). — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (October). —
Kauai, Halemanu, 4000 ft. (May).

van j8. pelidnopterus, var. nov.

Blackish-brown, cuneus (more or less), femora (more or less), apical half of head,
lateral margins (widely) of pronotum, and two spots at base of pronotum— yellowish.

Hab. Three examples from Hawaii, Hualalai, 5000 ft. (August). The forceps is
identical with that of the type. The tuberculate spots are visible in an oblique light.

P. sharpianus, which I dedicate with pleasure to my friend Dr David Sharp, from
whom I have received many entomological kindnesses, is nearest allied to P, atomosus
Reuter. In some respects it is near Plagiognathus (sens, lat.) but the granulate eyes,
and the long third segment of the posterior tarsi as well as the general facies, include
it in Psallus,

Division Heterotomaria Kirk.
( = Cyllocoraria Reut.)

Orthotylus Fieben

Orthotylus Fieber, 1858, Wien Ent. Monatschn 11. p. 315 ; Reuter, 1884, Act. Soc.
Sci. Fenn. xiii. p. 342.

Distributed throughout the Palaearctic Region. Recorded also from North
America, St Helena, and New Guinea ; probably cosmopolitan. Five species are now
described, but there are several more apparently in material recently received from
Mr Perkins.

1. Ground colour pale greenish (no red present) 2.

la. Ground colour reddish or at least largely red, or variegate 4.

2. Elytra (membrane very rarely excepted) not smoky or blackish. Eyes the

same size in both sexes 3.

HEMIPTERA

2a. Elytra (at least the clavus) largely smoky or blackish. Eyes much larger in

the male than in the female {j) kanakanus Kixk.

3. Pubescence whitish, unmixed (2) iolafii Kirk.

3(ar. Pubescence whitish, mixed with black bristly hairs ii) perkinsi Kirk.

4. Elytra almost immaculate sanguineous (^) kekele Kirk.

4a. Elytra variegate . ^ ,

5. Elytra largely sanguineous or blackish (var. kassandrci). Cuneus always more

or less sanguineous (5) daphne Kirk.

^a. Elytra blackish and pale fulvotestaceous. Cuneus with a large black spot,

not at all sanguineous {&) azalais Y^\x\,

( I ) Orthotylus perkinsi, sp. nov.

Finely punctulate, furnished above with short blackish bristly hairs and thin pale
whitish pubescence. J, $. Concolorous and macropterous.

Bright dark green (varying through all shades to pale testaceous [after death ?]),
including cuneus. Head, anterior part of scutellum, apical part of cuneus, membranal
nervures (sometimes), greenish-testaceous. Basal segment and basal half of second
segment of antennae, pale reddish-brown, with three black bristles ; apical half of
second segment, the third and fourth segments, eyes etc., blackish. Legs testaceous ;
apical segment of tarsi and the tibial bristles, black. Abdominal tergites blackish-brown,
at least apically ; sternites testaceous or pale greenish-testaceous. Head about as long
as first segment of antennae, vertex longitudinally impressed. Rostrum somewhat
short, reaching to apex of intermediate coxae. First segment of antennae incrassate,
the rest slender ; second segment four times as long as the first, one-half longer than
the third, which is twice as long as the fourth. Vertex three-fifths wider than one eye.
Pronotum trapeziform, exceedingly minutely granulate, posterior margin very slightly
reflexed. Posterior femora incrassate, tibiae more than six times as long as the tarsi,
which are short, with subequal segments (third a trifle the shortest). Male forceps very
minute,

^. Long. 3^ mm. $. Long. 4 mm. ; lat. i^ mm.

Very similar to O, virescens Douglas and Scott, but is distinguished by the
proportions of the antennae and rostrum, and by the much smaller male hooks.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (July — September, December). — Maui, Haleakala Mts.,
5000 ft. (October). — Lanai, Halepaakai (July), 2000 ft. (January). — Oahu, Waianae Mts.,
leeside, 2000 — 3000 ft. (February). — Kauai, high plateau (August), Makaweli Mts.,
2500 ft. (October). I have seen 32 examples, of which 25 are from Kilauea.

(2) Orthotylus iolaniy sp. nov.

Very similar in proportions and colouring to the preceding, but antennae a little
slenderer (especially first segment), and the conspicuous short black bristly hairs with

134 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

which O. perkinsi is vestured, are absent (except very rarely and sparingly on the head).
Vertex seven-ninths wider than one eye.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (July — September); Kona, 4000 ft. (July); Hualulai,
5000 ft. (August). — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (October). — Oahu, Pali (December),
Waianae coast (January). I have seen 48 examples, the majority from Kona and
Kilauea.

(3) Orthotylus kanakanus, sp. no v.

Plate V. fig. 2^.

Closely allied to (9. iolani, but both sexes are largely fumate, and the males have
much larger eyes.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and elytra pale greenish or pale greenish-testaceous,
more or less fumate, clavus nearly always entirely so. Membrane darkly fumate.
Pubescence pale, unmixed (except very rarely, on the vertex).

^. Width of vertex and one eye subequal.

$. Width of vertex and one eye in same proportions as in O, tolani.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (July, August) ; Olaa (September). — Oahu, Pipturus back
of Tantalus (November). — Lanai, Koele Mts., 2000 ft. (January). — Maui, Haleakala,
5000 ft. (October).

(4) Orthotylus kekele, sp. nov.

Plate V. fig. 28.

Pale sanguineous (or sanguineo-fulvous) — including membranal nervures — with
mixed pubescence — pale and dark. Eyes, third apical segment of antennae, apical
segments of rostrum and of tarsi, bristles of posterior tibiae, blackish. Cuneus saturated
sanguineous, membrane subhyaline, immaculate. Ventral surface and legs pale testaceous,
femora pale sanguineous at the apex. Vertex submarginate basally. Second segment
of antennae five times as long as the first, twice as long as the third, which is very
slightly longer than the fourth. Rostrum reaching to posterior coxae. Posterior
tibiae five times as long as tarsi, third tarsal segment subequal to the other two
together. Pronotum immarginate, transversely impressed just behind the anterior
margin.

Long. 3 '4 mm. ; lat. r3 mm.

Allied to O. perkinsi Kirk.

Hab. Kauai, high plateau (August).

HEMIPTERA

135

{5) Ortkotylus daphne, sp. nov,

Plate V. fig. 24.

Red, brown and white — variegated. Pubescence mixed ; the pale, silvery hairs
being very thick and in little clusters. Head silvery white, a sanguineous inverted
V in the centre of vertex. Eyes blackish-brown, antennae sordid testaceous, basal
segment more or less sanguineous. Pronotum pale fulvo-fuscous, lateral and posterior
margins very narrowly pale livid ; anterior margin (except laterally) sanguineous,
broadly bordered posteriorly by pale livid. Scutellum pale greenish-white variegated
with livid and sanguineous. Clavus livid fulvous with two long sanguineous streaks on
exocorium ; extreme apex (externally) of the latter, white. Cuneus basally white,
apically sanguineous. Membrane hyaline, apically fumate, not maculate ; nervures
sanguineous. Femora apically sanguineous, rest of legs testaceous, including apical
segments of tarsi. Posterior tibiae sometimes dark at extreme apex. Ventral surface
sordid testaceous, genital segments more or less sanguineous. Rostrum slender, reaching
to intermediate coxae. Second segment of antennae four times as long as first, twice
as long as third and nearly three times as long as fourth. Vertex very slightly narrower
at base than the two eyes together. Posterior tibiae five times as long as tarsi, third
tarsal segment very slightly longer than second.

Long. 3 mm. ; lat. i '4 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 2000 ft. (December). — Lanai, 2000 ft. (December), — Oahu,
Waianae Mts., leeside 2000 — 3000 ft. (April) ; Waimea watershed (April) ; Waialua
(March). A very beautiful little species of which I have seen 1 1 examples.

(9. dap hue y var. nov. kassandra.

Plate V. fig. 25.

A melanic form of the above ; head and cuneus silvery white, more or less fumate,
Pronotum and elytra rich deep velvety blackish-brown ; clavus somewhat obscure ; a
narrow apically narrowing sublateral streak on corium, and the scutellum silvery white,
variegated with pale sanguineous. Cuneus apically and the membranal nervures rich
sanguineous. Membrane pallid hyaline, apically fumate. Beneath brownish-black,
genital segments more or less sanguineous. Legs pallid testaceous, posterior femora
above blackish. Tarsi apically fumate. Pubescence as in the type. I have seen two
examples.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (August). — Lanai, 2000 ft. (December).

F. H. III. 18

136 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(6) Orthotylus azalais, sp, nov.

Plate V. fig. 26.

Pale fulvotestaceous ; eyes, a solid triangle on the basal half of the pronotum in the
middle, scutellum (except posteriorly), clavus in part, corium interiorly, a large round
spot at base of cuneus, basal segment of antennae and entire ventral surface, black.
Vertex and pronotum sparingly streaked with sanguineous. Legs pallid, posterior
femora dark. Vertex one-half wider than one eye. Other proportions as in O. daphne.

Hab. Kauai. I have seen 10 examples from Makaweli, 2000 ft. (June) ; Waimea
Mts., 3000 ft. (June). There are also a number of perplexingly variable forms of this
difficult genus which I have not yet satisfactorily separated.

KoANOA gen. nov.

Recognised by the dark metallic appearance and by the slender, short rostrum.

Head short, strongly declivous, much longer than high, genae low ; second segment
of rostrum a little thicker at apex than at base, third a little longer than second, apex of
fourth reaching to base of mesosternum. Eyes touching pronotum. Posterior coxae
somewhat long, apically contiguous, not very remote from lateral margins of abdomen,
posterior femora scarcely incrassate, extending as far as, or a little beyond, apex of
abdomen. Elytra extending far beyond apex of abdomen. Cuneus declivous, fracture
very deep. Elytra (^) scarcely rounded laterally ; (?) laterally distinctly rounded.
Abdomen much slenderer than thorax, at least in the ^.

(i) Koanoa hawaiiensis^ sp. nov.

Pitchy black, or greenish-black, shining above and beneath ; sterna and intermediate
and posterior coxae more dilute. Pronotum, scutellum and elytra thickly clothed with
easily divested pallid hair. Antennae (excluding first segment), legs, rostrum, fusco-
testaceous ; posterior femora more or less banded with blackish-brown medianly.
Membrane dark funiate. Antennae somewhat pilose, second segment nearly three
times as long as the first, two-thirds longer than third, and a little more than twice as
long as fourth. Pronotum truncate at the base, which is scarcely twice as broad as the
length of the second segment of antennae, lateral margins almost straight. Third
segment of posterior tarsi longer than either first or second.

^. Vertex slightly narrower than one eye ; second segment of antennae as stout as
the first, much stouter than the third.

$. Vertex slightly narrower than the two eyes together ; second segment of
antennae much thinner than the first, scarcely thicker than the third or fourth.

HEMIPTERA . 137

Long. J 3-3 mm. ; $ 2*6 mm. ; max. lat. ^ ? 1*4 mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Hualalai, 5000 ft. (August); Kona 4000ft. (July); Kilauea (July
to September, December), above Hilo 1800 ft. (December). — Maui, Haleakala 4000 to
5000ft. (May).— Lanai, 2000ft. (January). — Molokai, 3000ft. (June). — Oahu, Mts. near
Honolulu, 2000 — 3000 ft. — Kauai, 4000 ft, (June to August); Makaweli, 2500 ft.
(February) ; Halemanu, 4000 ft. (May) ; Koholuamano (April). An apparently common
species.

Kamepiameha, gen. nov.

Has the appearance of a small Phytocoris, Fall., and differs from the other forms of
Heterotomaria by marmorate membrane, sulcate vertex etc.

Vertex convex, declivous, distinctly longitudinally sulcate. Eyes touching pro-
notum. Rostrum reaching to middle of abdomen, or at least to one-third of its length.
First segment of antennae incrassate, much longer than vertex, second to fourth seg-
ments very long. Pronotum distinctly rounded basally ; lateral margins almost straight ;
scarcely or not callose anteriorly. Elytra (^ $) reaching far beyond apex of abdomen ;
membrane marbled. Head and pronotum with strong sparse bristly hairs, antennae and
legs with strong bristly hairs. Posterior femora deeply longitudinally sulculate.

(i) Kamehameha lunalilo^ sp. nov.

Plate V. fig. 22.

Head and pronotum rich olive brown, the latter more or less with paler olive-brown
on the posterior margin, and apically more or less pallid. Eyes blackish, very narrowly
margined with sanguineous. First segment of antennae dark olive brown, apically
narrowly sanguineous, second to fourth sordid testaceous, second apically blackish-
brown. Scutellum more dilute. Elytra pale olive-brown [rich bright green when fresh],
(the margins and nervures very narrowly and more or less interruptedly sanguineous),
obscurely spotted with paler olive-brown\ Membrane whitish subopaque, marbled with
pale greyish-brown, a conspicuous whitish wedge on the exterior margin immediately
apical to the cuneus, followed apically by a conspicuous greyish-brown wedge ; nervures
concolorous. Wings iridescent hyaline, nervures pale sordid testaceous. Abdomen
above sordid testaceous. Head beneath, sterna and legs, pallid testaceous, tibiae (at
least the two first pairs) annulate or spotted closely with black ; apical two-thirds of
posterior femora blackish-brown, spotted with testaceous. Abdomen beneath, except
mediobasally, blackish-grey. Rostrum pallid. Head, pronotum, and elytra, covered

^ In some specimens, including the type, the costal area and cuneus are testaceous, spotted with rich
brown.

1 8— 2

138 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

with golden pubescence and short pallid hairs. First segment of antennae twice as long
as the length of one eye (seen from above) ; antennae a little longer than length of insect
to apex of elytra ; second segment 3f as long as first, one-third longer than third, first
and fourth subequal ; second segment nearly twice as long as basal width of pronotum.
Posterior tibiae very long, five times as long as tarsi, first tarsal segment slightly shorter
than second, which is slightly shorter than third (measured beneath).

^. Vertex slightly narrower than one eye.

%. Vertex subequal in width to the eyes together.

Long. 4f — 5i mni.

Hab. Hawaii, above Hilo, 1800 ft. (September). — Olaa, 1500 ft. (September,
November, December) ; Kona, 2000 ft. (December) ; West Maui Mts,, Jao Valley
(March). Lanai, 2000 — 3000 ft. (January, July). Oahu, Waianae, 2000 — 3000 ft
(February) ; Honolulu Mts. (November and December), Perkins. I have seen fourteen
examples.

The ground colour and markings vary considerably within the limits of greens and
browns. The base of head and apex of pronotum may be sanguineous, and the scutellum
may be clear pale luteous. The male is usually darker, especialy on the vertex.

Var. ?. Two pale greenish testaceous longitudinal submedian stripes on pronotum
meeting anteriorly.

Division Camplyoneuraria Kirk.
( = Dicypharia Renter.)

Cyrtopeltis Fieber.

Cyrtopeltis, 1861, Eun Hem. pp. 76 and 323.

Recorded from S. and S.W. Europe and S. America, but probably much more
widely distributed.

(i) Cyrtopeltis kawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Structurally more closely allied to the Uruguayan C chlorogasteVy Berg., than to the
palaearctic species.

Immaculate pale flavotestaceous, furnished with short somewhat bristly concolorous
pilosity. Eyes, claws, and fourth segment of rostrum, blackish-brown. Elytra with a
faint greenish tinge, membranal nervures same tint Second and third segments of
antennae subequal, each three times as long as the first, all somewhat stout. Rostrum
not reaching beyond base of intermediate coxae. Base of pronotum slightly wider than
the length of second antennal segment, and twice as wide as the apical margin.

Z %, Long. 3f mm., lat. f mm.

Hab. Maui ; Haleakala Crater, October. — Six examples.

HEMIPTERA

139

Division Halticaria Kirk.

( = Laboparia Reut.)

Nesidiorchestes gen. nov.

Closely allied to Halticus, Hahn, but differs by first segment of antennae reaching
beyond middle of clypeus, rostrum reaching beyond posterior coxae, the stouter
antennae etc.

Head (with eyes) wider than long, a little wider than pronotum anteriorly ; vertex
convex, not longitudinally sulcate, produced subangularly rotundately in front of the
eyes, impressed transversely in front of the marginate base which slightly covers the
anterior margin of the pronotum. First segment of antennae stout, reaching almost to
apex of clypeus. Rostrum reaching beyond apex of posterior coxae. Pronotum trans-
verse. Clavus, cuneus and membrane not (or only very obsoletely) marked off from
corium, except the cuneal fracture which is very deep. Elytra apically sinuately
truncate, not reaching nearly to apex of abdomen. Posterior femora enormously in-
crassate, tibiae long and slender ; third segment of posterior tarsi the longest, second
the shortest.

Only the brachypterous form has been taken.

(i) Nesidiorchestes hawaiiensis^ sp. nov.

Plate IV. figs. 15 and 16.

Head above, pronotum, scutellum and elytra flavofuscous or fulvoflavous — pale or
dark ; the markings darker and somewhat variable, viz. : an oblique subcrescentiform spot
on each side of the middle of the vertex, several marks on pronotum and scutellum ;
three radiating lines (which are more or less interrupted and nebulose, especially
apically) on elytra arising near the exterobasal angle and reaching the apical margin,
viz. : one sublateral, one marking the obsolete claval suture, and one between the other
two. Rostrum brownish ; first two segments of the antennae testaceous, third blackish.
Eyes blackish-brown. Abdomen above basally sordid testaceous, apically concolorous
with the rest of the upper surface. Beneath and the legs dull violet-black ; coxae, apex
of femora, the tibiae and tarsi testaceous. Above and beneath covered with very short
and fine pallid hairs, head apically furnished with short black bristly hairs. Tibiae
with black bristles. Head (with eyes) twice as wide as its length (viewed dorsally),
a little wider than pronotum apically, a little narrower than the latter basally ; head
(seen from above) a little more than three times as long in the middle as one eye.
Vertex 2\ times as wide as one eye, two- sevenths wider than the two eyes together.
Base of clypeus about on a level with the anterior margin of the eyes. Eyes a little
incumbent on the pronotum. First segment of antennae three times as long as wide,

I40 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

very slightly shorter than head (seen from above), second segment nearly four times as
long as the first, three-fifths longer than the third. Pronotum one-fourth wider at base
than apically, twice as wide apically as long. Posterior femora twice as long as the
apical width of pronotum, 2\ times as long as wide. Posterior tibiae one-third longer
than femora.

Long. 1*8 — 2*4 mm., lat. max. elytr. i — 1*2 mm.

Hab. Oahu, N.W. Koolau, 2000 ft. (December : Perkins). Five examples.

Opuna gen. nov.

I have placed this provisionally in Halticaria, notwithstanding its well-marked
collar. It has the general appearance of an Ortholytus.

Head short, dorsally viewed ; strongly declivous, convex, produced slightly roundly
in front of the eyes. Eyes slightly incumbent on the pronotum. Vertex basally
marginate. First segment of antennae short, not reaching to apical margin of the eyes.
Pronotum transverse, collared apically, the collar convexly rounded posteriorly.
Posterior coxae remote from the lateral margins of the abdomen, posterior femora
short, incrassate. No alar hamus.

(i) Opuna haivaiiensis, sp. nov.

Plate V. fig. 29.

Pale greenish testaceous with concolorous pubescence. Eyes blackish-brown,
tibiae black-spined. Second and third segments of antennae subequal ; vertex four-
fifths wider than the two eyes together, a little wider than apical margin of pronotum.
Base of pronotum three times as wide as apical margin.

Long, nearly 2 mm., lat. 1*5 mm.

Hab. S, E. Coast (January : Perkins). Two examples in poor condition.

PsEUDOCLERADA, gen. nov.

This may be regarded for the present as an aberrant Halticarian. Depressed
(at least in the macropterous form). Head porrect, subequal in length to pronotum, a
little longer than wide across the eyes. Vertex subconvex, not impressed nor sulcate ;
subrectangular, a little divergent in front of the eyes (the interolateral margins of which
are subobliquely convex), produced triangularly in front of the insertion of the antennae ;
base carinately marginate. Eyes large. Bucculae short, not a third of the length
of the head beneath, which is narrowly, longitudinally carinate posterior to the bucculae.
Insertion of antennae nearer the eyes than to apex of vertex. Pronotum with an

HEMIPTERA 141

extremely slender annuliform collar ;' anterior margin slightly emarginate, base sub-
truncate. Proxyphus marginate laterally. Costal margin of elytra very narrow, slightly
dilated basally. Clavus distinct. Membrane biareolate. Hamus absent. Anterior
and intermediate coxae as long as, or a little longer than the femora, incrassate,
posterior femora a little remote from lateral margins of abdomen ; posterior tibiae six
times as long as tarsi, third tarsal segment by a little the longest, second and third
inserted subapically. Claws somewhat large, dilated internally near the base, arolia as
long as the claws, free, a little thicker at the base, ribbon-like.

(i) Pseudoclerada morai, sp. nov.

Plate IV. figs. 18—20.

Dark blackish-brown ; base of vertex, legs (except broad bands on the posterior
femora), first segment of antennae etc., pallid ; base and apex narrowly of exocorium,
posterior part of scutellum narrowly, rufotestaceous ; membrane hyaline, rufotestaceous,
more or less fumate apically. Beneath more or less sordid rufotestaceous, sterna and
pleura more or less blackish. Second segment of antennae 2|- to 3^ times longer than
first, three-fourths longer than the head, and 3f longer than the third segment which is
a trifle longer than the fourth, each segment a little thinner than the preceding ; first
and the basal half of the second — smooth ; apical half of second and the two ultimate,
pilose. Pronotum subrugulose transversely, except on the anterior callosities, lateral
margins sinuately divergent, lateroposterior angles rounded, base nearly three times as
wide as apical margin. Elytra smooth, somewhat shining\ rounded laterally ; corium
without median nervure, costal nervure vanishing before attaining half the length of the
corium. Cuneus rounded basally. Antennae and eyes in a line, and about the middle
of the head, as seen in profile. Fourth segment of rostrum reaching nearly to apex
of posterior coxae, one-sixth longer than third, first three subequal in length.

$, Eyes very large, prominent, one of them one-fourth to one-third wider than
the vertex ; head three-fourths longer than one eye.

$. Eyes much smaller, vertex nearly as wide as the two together. Head more
than twice as long as one eye. Seventh abdominal segment beneath widely roundly
emarginate, terebra reaching to middle of abdomen.

A very variable species, both structurally and in colouring. Pronotum and
scutellum sometimes widely pallid, exocorium rufobrunneous ; antennae occasionally
more or less annulate, pallid and blackish. Abdomen beneath : each segment apically
blackish, basally rufescent, or entirely bluish-black. Tibiae apically and basally black.
Posterolateral angles and a wedge in middle of the base of pronotum, pallid.

^$. Long. 5 — 6^ mm. ; lat. 2 — 3 mm.

(Brachypt.) $ 5 ; lat. 2^ mm.

^ Actually extremely finely and closely punctulate.

142 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 4000 ft. (August). — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (October). —
Lanai, Halepaakai, 2000 — 2500 ft, (January, June — August). — Molokai, 3000 ft. (July).
— Oahu, Halemano, Koolau range, 2500 ft. (January) ; Waialalua, Koolau range ;
Honolulu, 2000 ft. (September, December). — Kauai, high plateau, 4000 ft. (August,
December).

Division Capsaria Reuter.

Sarona, gen. nov.

Despite the fact that this genus possesses no collar to the pronotum, I have placed
it here temporarily. The presence or absence of the collar is in fact, I believe, a
somewhat overrated character. Lomatopleura Reut. has none (or only obscurely
indicated), but is placed by its author in his Capsaria. Opuna has a wide collar,
nevertheless, I believe, is more allied to the Halticaria, while, according to Reuter
himself, his division Pilophoraria may or may not possess one. The genus has a strong
resemblance to the Halticarian Strongylocoris Fieber.

Pronotum somewhat superficially rugose-punctured, elytra minutely but strongly
punctured. Covered with pale pubescence. Vertex short, strongly marginate, almost
vertical, much longer than high ; pronotum strongly declivous. First segment of
antennae short, scarcely reaching beyond apex of head, subequal to fourth, second four
times as long as first, 2\ times as long as third, which is a little more than twice as long
as fourth. Posterior femora subincrassate, tibiae 4^ times as long as tarsi, third tarsal
segment a little longer than the first, second short. Cuneus declivous. Tibiae
tuberculo-maculate, setigerous. Rostrum reaching well beyond apex of posterior
coxae.

(i) Sarona adonias, sp. nov.

Plate V. fig. 23.

Sanguineous, or fuscosanguineous, head and apical part of pronotum more dilute.
Eyes, apical part of second antennal segment, sterna, etc., black. Cuneus and tibiae
yellowish, the former narrowly bordered with sanguineous ; membrane fumate, nervures
sanguineous. Vertex one-fourth wider than the two eyes together. Base of pronotum
one-half wider than the head (across the eyes), which is a little wider than apical margin
of pronotum.

Long. 5|- mm. ; lat. 2\ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 8000 ft. (August); volcano, Hilo (August), Koebele;
Kilauea (August). — Maui, Haleakala, 4000 — 5000 ft. (October, March, April). — Lanai,
Halepaakai (July). — Molokai Mts., 4000 ft. (December). I have seen 13 examples.

HEMIPTERA 143

Baracus gen. nov.

Allied to Sarona Kirk., but at once distinguished by the sinuately emarginate base
of pronotum, and by the callosely elevated scutellum. Vertex strongly marginate at
base, covering pronotum anteriorly, the latter having an exceedingly short collar.
Interolateral margins of eyes distinctly diverging apically. Pronotum and scutellum
transversely rugulose. Median nervure of corium well developed,

(i) Baracus hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Plate IV. fig. 21.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and elytra, dark sienna-brown, shining; furnished with
short yellowish hairs. Clavus and corium interobasally more or less blackish. Mem-
brane fumate, nervures brownish. Legs entirely pallid testaceous. Head and eyes as
wide as the length of the second segment of antennae, vertex about three times as wide
as one eye. Second segment of antennae nearly four times as long as the first, more
than twice as long as the second, which is three times as long as the fourth, second
scarcely incrassate apically. Eyes extending laterally considerably beyond apical margin
of pronotum. Base of pronotum 2| times as wide as the apical margin. Posterior
femora scarcely incrassate.

Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Lanai, 2000 ft. (January — July). Three examples.

Hyalopeplus Stal.
Hyalopeplus Stal, 1870, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Forh. xxvii. p. 671.
Inhabits Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, British India and the Philippines.

( I ) Hyalopeplus pellucidus, Stal.

Capsus pellucidus Stal, 1859, Eugenie's Resa Hem. p. 259.
Hyalopeplus pellucidus Stal, 1870, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Forh. xxvii. p. 671.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (August) ; Kona, 2000 — 5000 ft. (July, August, November).
— Molokai coast (May) ; 3500 ft. (June) ; from boggy mountain top, 3000 ft. (June) ; very
far up Kawailoa gulch (March and April), Perkins. — Oahu, Honolulu, Stal ; Waianae
mountains (April) ; coast (April), Perkins.

I have seen 17 specimens, including the type kindly communicated by Dr Auri-
villius, which vary a little in darkness of colour. One specimen is almost immaculate
on the pronotum, and the cuneus is pale yellowish instead of reddish. This may be due
to immaturity, but is paralleled in a specimen of //. vitinpennis, Stal, in my collection
from Java.

F. H. III. 19

144 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Division Miraria Reuter.
Oronomiris ^txi. nov.

Closely allied to Megaloceraea Fieb., but distinguished by different form of head
and the much longer legs.

Elongate. Vertex apically suboval, sulcate longitudinally at the base; frons
strongly compressed, produced horizontally in front of the vertex, triangular. Pronotum
longer than broad, with five longitudinal keels (lateral, sublateral, and median) ; base
emarginate, exposing anterior part of scutellum. Exterior cell of membrane more or
less opaque.

(i) Oronomiris hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Plate V, fig. 30.

Cinereotestaceous (tinged with sanguineous in one specimen), pronotal and scutellar
keels a little paler ; (brow^nish next to keels in one specimen). Eyes greyish. Apex of
rostrum and the tarsi blackish. A black spot in the basal angle of membrane.

Head as long as (or a trifle longer than) the pronotum, a trifle more than twice as
long as wide across the eyes. Vertex two-fifths wider than the two eyes together, the
latter touching the pronotum. Second segment of antennae a little longer than third,
twice as long as the first which is one-half longer than the head ; fourth segment short.

Base of pronotum as wide as the length of the head, and -^ wider than apical
margin of pronotum. Rostrum reaching to apex of posterior coxae. Elytra reaching
beyond apex of abdomen. First segment of posterior tarsi twice as long as second and
third together, second twice as long as third.

Long. 4*2 — 5*8 mm. ; lat. nearly i mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 3000 ft. to 4000 ft. (September). — Lanai, Koele Mts. 2000 ft.
(January). — Oahu, Walanae plains (April). Six specimens (four from Kona), all in
somewhat poor condition.

Nesiomiris, gen. nov.

Allied to Teratocoris, Fieber, distinguished by the length of the antennae, and by
the proportions and structure of the tarsi.

Linear, glabrous, vertex transverse, transversely impressed, longitudinally sulcate ;
basally marginate. Head (and eyes) wider than the anterior part of the posterior lobe
of pronotum, produced in a non-attenuated collar behind the margination. Antennae
one-half longer than the entire body. Eyes large, remote from pronotum, together as
wide as the vertex, Frons not covering the clypeus, which is elongate, reaching nearly

HEMIPTERA 145

as far as base of gula. Rostrum reaching midway between anterior and intermediate
coxae ; first segment incrassate, its ventral length one-third longer than the length (seen
from beneath) of one eye, dorsally produced triangularly a little over the dorsal side of
the second segment, which is slender, one-sixth longer than the first, which is four times
as long as the third and three times as long as the fourth, Pronotum anteriorly narrowly
constricted (not collared), deeply impressed transversely in the middle ; anterior lobe
porrect, lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly ; posterior lobe raised and rounded,
irregularly rugulose, lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly, base obtuse-angularly
emarginate, exposing the anterior margin (the so-called '*base" of authors) of the
glabrous scutellum, 2\ times as wide as the apical margin. Mesosternum elevated,
medio-longitudinally sulculate. Clavus distinct. Exterior area of membrane minute,
opaque, interior area large, partly opaque. Stinkgland orifices elongate, somewhat
narrow. Legs more or less hairy, coxae apically approximate, anterior coxal cavities
very large, not fully occupied by the coxae. Femora long, not notably incrassate ;
tibiae long and slender. First tarsal segment shorter than second, second and third
inserted considerably post-apically.

^. Seventh abdominal segment apically sinuate.

( I ) Nesiomiris hawaiiensis^ sp. nov.

Plate V. fig. 50.

Rich dark green (on close inspection minutely mottled with whitish) [varying to
flavescent (post-mortem.^)], whitish-pilose. Second (excluding base), third and fourth
antennal segments sordid fusco-flavous. Head and anterior part of scutellum sordid
testaceous. Ventral surface, legs etc. testaceous (the latter sometimes more or less
greenish). First segment of antennae incrassate, less so apically, cylindrical, twice
as long as vertex ; remaining segments slenderer, each in proportion to the preceding ;
second segment a little more than three times as long as the first, which is half the
length of the third, third a trifle longer than the fourth. Femora unarmed.

Long. 6f— 7^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (June, September, November) ; Kona 2000 to 3000 ft.
(September, November). — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (May). — Lanai, Halepaakai,
3000 ft. (January, February, July). — Molokai, 3000 to 4000 ft. (June). I have examined
40 specimens.

Blackburn mentions having some 40 species of Mirinae in his collection, I have
noted here 21 with two well-marked varieties, and have still to describe some 10 or 12.
The Mirinae are in themselves among the most difficult of Rhynchota, even among the
comparatively speaking little varying British forms. Unfortunately, also, they are
among the frailest, and many of Mr Perkins' captures in this group are, as was indeed
to be expected, in indifferent condition.

19 — 2

146 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. ACANTHIIDAE.

AcANTHiA Fabr.

Acanthia Fabr., 1775, Syst. Ent p. 693; Reuter, 1896, x^ct. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xxi.

no. 2, p. I ; Kirkaldy, 1899, Entom. p. 218.
Salda Fabr., 1803, Syst. Rhyng. p. 103.

This genus is cosmopolitan, having been recorded from St Helena, New Zealand,
and from within the Arctic Circle. A few species frequent heath-lands, though they
occur principally at the margins of lakes, ponds, rivers, etc. I have examined
29 specimens from our fauna, apparently representing two species, possibly a small
proportion of actually existing forms. The genus is certainly of ancient date, though
the only fossil records are from Prussian amber (Ligurian Horizon), and is specially
interesting as illustrating the probable route of development, in habit and structure, of
the cryptoceratous aquatic bugs (excpt Nepa and its allies) from the original terrene
Heteroptera. Macropterous and brachypterous forms of both species are found.

Apex of first (interior) areole of membrane not touching apex of second. Head
(with eyes) not nearly as wide as base of pronotum ; second segment of
antennae three times as long as first {i) exulans^ White.

Apex of first areole touching apex of second. Head (with eyes) almost as wide
as base of pronotum ; second segment of antennae twice as long as the
first {2) oahuensis^ Blackburn.

(i) Acanthia exulanSy White.

Salda exulans F. B. White, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. m.

Belongs to subgenus Sciodopterus Amyot and Serville.

White says **pronoti marginibus angustis lateralibus sordide brunneo-albidis " ; of
the five examples examined, this is true of one only, the other four having these lateral
margins entirely black.

Length 4 — \\ mm.

Hab. '* Sparingly from wet moss in or on mountains near the Pali" (Blackburn).
— Molokai Mts., 4000 ft. (May and June) ; Kawailoa, from the gulch itself, very far up
(March and April). — Oahu, Waialua (March) ; Koolau range (August). — Kauai,
Waimea Mts., 4000 ft. (May), and Koholuamano, 4000 ft. (April), Perkins.

(2) Acanthia oahuensis^ Blackburn.

Salda oahuensis Blackburn, 1889, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) in. p. 353.

Belongs to typical subgenus ; it is extremely variable in colour, but I cannot
discover any notable structural differences confined to any of these variations.

HEMIPTERA 147

There are five principal varieties, not however well marked off; the only constant
feature appearing to be the tiny pallid spot near the apex of the black clavus, and the
black pronotum.

(i) Head, pronotum, scutellum, clavus (except a tiny apical spot), antennae above
(except base of first), etc. — black. Corium and membrane dirty whitish with a few
blackish-brown blotches and the nervures of the latter colour. Abdomen above
brownish-testaceous. First and apex of third segments of antennae beneath rufo-
testaceous. Head beneath and sterna black. Abdomen beneath as above, but darker.
Rostrum and legs dirty testaceous, more or less obscurely marked with black.

Oahu, Kaala Mts., 2000 ft. (March); *'near a waterfall several miles from
Honolulu'' Blackburn. Typical form (rare; immature). — Hawaii, Kona, 3000 ft.
(December). — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (April), Perkins.

(2) Corium greenish-black except three or four small pallid blotches. Abdomen
above and below deep black. Legs pallid except a broad middle black band on all
femora.

Oahu, Kaala, 2000 ft. (March). — Hawaii, Kona, 2000 ft. (December), Perkins.

(3) Like No. 2, but lateral margins of corium somewhat widely immaculate
flavous. Legs immaculate brownish-flavous, and a spot of the same colour on each side
of the head between the eyes and the ocelli.

Lanai, 2000 ft. (December). — Kauai, Waimea Mts., 4000 ft. (May). — Molokai,
2000 ft. (June). — Maui, lao Valley (April and May), Perkins.

(4) Like No. 3, but corium dark flavescent with a few black markings.

Oahu, N. W, Koolau (August) ; Kaala, 2000 ft., on wet rocks, and Honolulu Mts.
(August). — Molokai Mts. (September), Perkins.

(5) Like No. 4, but corium pallid rufotestaceous with pale red-brown markings.

Oahu, Honolulu, 2000 ft. (September).— Kauai, Makaweli, 2500 ft. (February),
Perkins.

Hab. The habitat of the species may be summed up as *' distributed over Oahu,
Hawaii, Maui, Lanai, Kauai, and Molokai."

Length 3|— 3f mm.

148 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Fam. CORIXIDAE.
CoRixA Geoffrey.

Corixa Geofifroy, 1762, Hist. nat. Insectes i. p. 478; Kirkaldy, 1897, Entom.

p. 260.
Sigara Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entom. p. 691.
Corisa Amyot and Serville, 1843, Hemipt. p. 445 ; Fieber, 1851, Abh. bohm. Ges.

Wiss. (v) 7, p. 215.

A large genus of world-wide distribution. An elytron from the early Tertiaries of
Rott has precisely the picturation of modern forms, and the genus has been recorded
from the Jurassic of Solenhofen.

(i) Corixa blackburni F. B. White.

Corixa blackburni V, B. White, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 114, and
1878, lib. cit. (5) I. p. 366.

The lines on the corium are short, interrupted and contortuplicate and are not
divided into regular series. Intermediate tarsus very slightly shorter than claws.

t. Pala boldly arched from the base, suddenly acuminate near the apex.

?. Pala very like that of C pygmaea, Fieber.

Long. i\ — 5 mm. ; width across eyes i^ — \\ mm. The males as usual are
a little smaller.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu (Perkins, i ?) ; very common in salt-water pools (on the
sea-shore) formed artificially for the manufacture of salt (White). — Maui, Lahaina
[Mus. Bremen ; '* plentifully in a pool, October" (Schauinsland)].

I have seen the type in the Perth Museum, and six other examples.

Fam. NOTONECTIDAE.

Anisops Spinola.

Anisops Spinola, 1837, Essai, p. 58; Fieber, 1851, Abh. bohm. Ges. Wiss. (v) 7,
p. 481.

A genus of world-wide distribution, except North Palaearctic. Some forms, very
close to this, are recorded from the early tertiaries of Rott.

(i) Anisops, sp. }

Hab. Thirty-nine specimens of a species allied to A. vitreus Signoret (from
Madagascar, etc.) have been collected by Mr Perkins, ^j from Hawaii, Kona, 3000 ft.

HEMIPTERA

149

(June) ; and one each from Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (April), and Oahu, N. W. Koolau
(July). This is a very difficult genus and one almost impossible to define satisfactorily
from dried material.

Tribe TROCHALOPODA,

Fam. REDUVIIDAE.

Subfam. ZELINAE.

(= Harpactoridae Leth. and Sev.)

Zelus Fabr.

Zdus Fabricius, 1803, Syst. Rhyng, p. 281.

An American genus of very closely allied forms which are much in need of
structural revision. The form described below is almost certainly a recent importation
— it has been sent to England by Mr Perkins only during the last few months — but as
I cannot identify it with any described form, I have thought it better to add a name to
my description ; it is allied to Z, janus, StaL

( I ) Zelus peregrinuSy sp. no v.

Belongs to subgenus Diplacodus Kirk. { — Diplodus Stal). Elongate.

Head, pronotum, sterna, scutellum, rostrum, antennae and legs luteous, more or
less pallid. Postocular part of head above black except a median longitudinal stripe \
Anterior lobe of pronotum pinkish in the middle at the base, posterolateral spines
brownish apically. Elytra sanguineous or luteo-sanguineous ; clavus and corium (narrowly)
internally, subfumate. Membrane bronzy funiate. Abdomen above sanguineous
(at least in part), below more or less brownish. Connexivum immaculate. Antennae
and legs not at all annulate, sometimes obscurely fumate in part, especially the former
apically. Covered with curly pale yellow pubescence ; head, pronotum and legs
(at least laterally) thickly pilose.

Head and pronotum subequal in length, together at least one-seventh longer than
first segment of antennae ; postocular part of head one-fourth longer than part between
this and antennae. Head across eyes slightly wider than the anterior margin of
pronotum. Ocelli situated on a part of head very slightly more elevated than the rest.
Rostrum reaching at least to anterior margin of anterior ambulacra, first segment
scarcely reaching as far as anterior margin of eyes, second about 2|- times as long as
first, reaching to base of head. First segment of antennae three times as long as second,

^ In one specimen this part is luteous except for an oblique roundly arched stripe just below the ocelli
on each side. The species of Zelus are most variable in coloration.

150 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

one-fourth longer than third. Anterior lobe of pronotum longitudinally sulculate near
the base, sides rounded, anteriorly strongly acutely tuberculate, anterior margin slightly
roundly emarginate. Posterior lobe (between the spines) nearly three times as wide as
the anterior margin of pronotum ; obscurely tricarinate longitudinally anteriorly, densely
but very finely punctured ; posterolateral angles short but acute ; base truncate in the
middle. Scutellum bluntly rounded posteriorly, subtuberculate. Abdomen beneath
strongly carinate longitudinally.

$, Antennae not dilated or thickened.

$, Abdomen somewhat dilated^; antennae slender, posterior tibiae not tumid.

Long, (to apex of elytra which slightly overlap apex of abdomen) ^ 13^ mm.,
? 14I- mm. ; lat pron. $ 3 mm., ? 3f mm. ; lat. max. abd. $ 2^ mm., $ 4-^ mm.

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu Mts. (May, 1900), Perkins. Three examples (two males,
one female).

Subfam. REDUVIINAE.
( = Acanthaspidae Leth. and Sev.)

Acanthaspidae Leth. and Sev., Cat. gen. Hemipt. iii. p. 95.

This, the typical division of the great family Reduviidae, is represented by a single
genus.

Alloeocranum Reuter.

Microcleptes Stal, 1866, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Forh. p. 240 (preocc).

Microckpies suhg. Alloeocranum Reuter, 188 1, Act, Soc. Sci. Fenn. xii. p. 332.

Two species are known, one from Northern India, the other insular.

(i) Alloeocranum biannulipes, M. and S.

Opsicoetus biannulipes Montrouzier and Signoret, 1861, Ann. Soc. Ent. France

(4) I. p. 69.
Reduvius laniger Butler, 1876, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xvii. p. 411,

Plate IV. fig. 17.

Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (April), Perkins, one example, almost certainly very
recently accidentally imported ; also recorded from Viti Isles, New Caledonia, Philippines,
Reunion, Rodriguez, Malacca [and Cuba(.^)].

This species was determined by my friend Mr A. L. Montandon ; the genus has
not been figured before.

^ The abdomen in each specimen was somewhat shrivelled, precluding description of the genital

segments.

HEMIPTERA 151

Subfam. PLOIIARTINAE.
( = Emesidae Leth. and Sev.)

Ploiakiodes F. B. White.

Ploiariodes White, 1881, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii. p. 58.
Ploiariola Reuter, 1888, Act. Soc, Sci. Fenn. xv. p. 711.

Ploiariodes differs from Ploiariola only by the unreflexed lateral margins of the
pronotum ; the tuberculate posterior margin of the pronotum (mentioned in the original
description) is only a specific character.

The typical forms are confined to the Hawaiian group, but the genus as a whole is
distributed over the palaearctic and nearctic Regions, Central America and Ceylon.

1. A prominent tubercle on the posterior margin of the pronotum in the middle;

elytra whitish variegated with fusco-cinereous (/) whitei.

la. Pronotal tubercle absent 2.

2. Elytra whitish variegated with dark grey ; a more or less bright crimson spot or

streak on the costal margin of the membrane (2) rubromaculata,

2a. Elytra whitish variegated with fuscous ; no reddish spot ( ^) pulchra.

(i) Ploiariodes whitei F. B. White.

Ploia^nodes whitei (Blackb. MS.) White, 1881, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii, p. 59.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (July, August, September), Perkins; Kona, 3500 ft.
(June), Perkins. — Oahu, N. W. Koolau (August), Perkins. — Mauna Loa, 4500 ft, on
dead branches of trees (Blackburn). — Maui, Jao Valley, Perkins. I have examined
22 examples.

(2) Ploiariodes rubromaculata Blackb.

Ploiariodes rubromaculata Blackb., 1889, Proc, Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) in. p. 349.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 3000 — 3500 ft. (June, October), Perkins, ''beaten from a
species of Ohia at an elevation of about 4000 feet on Mauna Loa" (Blackburn);
Kilauea (August), Perkins. — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (April, May, October), Perkins.
— ^Molokai, 3000ft. (September), Perkins; Olaa (December), Perkins. — Oahu, Kaala
Mts., 2000 ft. (April), Perkins ; Waianae Mts., 2000 ft., beaten from dead Koa bough
(April), Perkins. I have examined 10 specimens collected by Mr Perkins, and
Mr Blackburn has kindly lent me his type for comparison.

F. H. III. 20

152 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(3) Ploiariodes pulchra Blackburn,

Ploiariodes pulchra Blackb., 1889, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) 111. p. 350.

I have not seen the type, nor has Mr Perkins collected a specimen answering to
the description.

Hab. Oahu (Blackburn).

LuTEVA Dohrn.

Luteva Dohrn, i860, Linn. Ent. xiv. pp. 213 & 242.

Occurs in North and South America, Philippine Isles, Celebes, Sumatra, and
N. Britain.

(i) Ltiteva insolida White.

Luteva insolida White, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i, p. 113.
Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (September), Perkins. One example.

Nesidiolestes, gen. nov.

Allied to Ploiariodes and Luteva, distinguished by the short anterior tarsi, and the
position of the somewhat elongate acute spine of the anterior femur, which is situated
near the base of the latter; forming in some ways a link between the divisions
Leistarcharia Stal and Stenolemaria Kirk. ( = Ploiariaria Stal).

Posterior lobe of head convex, strongly narrowed behind, rounded in front ; eyes
small, projecting somewhat beyond lateral margins of head. Antennae long, first
segment about six times as long as the head, second segment slightly longer than the
first. First segment of rostrum short, not reaching to base of anterior lobe of head,
second reaching to base of anterior lobe. Pronotum anteriorly tuberculate on each
side, apically wider than any part of the head, medianly constricted. Meso- and
metanotum each with a blunt spine. Anterior coxae nearly twice as long as head,
femora slightly curved, a little longer than coxae ; tibiae and tarsi together equal
to femora, tibiae about 4^ to 5 times as long as tarsi, femora with fine hair-like spines
beneath, along their entire length, also several short sharp black spines at intervals and
a longer one close to the base. [Intermediate and posterior legs (except coxae)
missing, but from analogy the posterior femora probably extend far beyond apex of
abdomen.] Abdomen much longer than head and thorax together, gradually widening
posteriorly ; connexivum vertical.

HEMIPTERA 153

Nesidiolestes selium, sp. nov.

$. Apterous. Pale testaceous, irregularly striped and variegated with black.
Eyes black. Antennae pallid, multiannulate with black ; rostrum, pro- and mesosternum
and coxae pallid ; anterior femora and tibiae pallid triannulate with black. A pale
yellow tubercle in the middle of the lateral margin of each of the second to seventh
abdominal segments beneath. Apical margin of ventral sixth sinuate.

Long. Corp. g^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (December), Perkins, Only one specimen.

Subfam. NABINAE,
Reduviolus Kirby.

Reduviolus Kirby, 1837, Richardson, Faun. Bor. Amer. iv. p. 279 ; Kirkaldy, 1900,
Entomologist, p. 242 ; Kirkaldy, 1901, Wien. Ent. Zeit. p. 219.

Aptus (Hahn, 1831, nee descr.) Stal, 1873, Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. xi.
no. 2 [Enum. Hem. iii.], p. 112.

Nabis Leth. and Sev., Cat. gen. Hemipt. in. p. 207 (nee Latr. typ.).

A genus of world-wide distribution, which has established itself firmly in the
Hawaiian Isles. Its origin there is doubtful ; R, blackbtirni belongs to a cosmopolitan
section of which the type is R, ferus, Linne ; R. subrufus, 7^ubritinctus and ^norai have
some little likeness with certain American forms, perhaps more apparent than real ; the
others have no very near relatives. The genus is an exceedingly difficult one for
specific differentiation, owing to the variability of colour, general form, and even to a
certain degree of the male genital ' hooks ' (as first pointed out by Reuter, who has
devoted considerable attention to the subfamily). Moreover, pterygopolymorphism is
here rampant, and the modification or absence of the membrane and the change in
shape of the pronotum under such circumstances render the accurate discrimination of
the species very difficult. Some considerable time elapsed before the palaearctlc forms
were adjusted and variability is even more accentuated in the Hawaiian forms.
Dr Montandon's fine collection of these bugs, however, which I have had the good
fortune to acquire, has aided me in gaining some idea as to possible limits of specific
variation.

Reduviolus has been recorded from the Mayencian of Croatia and Prussian Amber
of the Ligurian Horizon, also from the Tortonian of Baden.

It is very difificult to arrange an analytical table of these forms, but the following
may serve in the meantime :

1. Ocelli distinct, elytra well developed 2.

la. Ocelli absent, elytra short {8) lusciosus, White.

2. First segment of antennae incrassate (7) rubritinctus, Blackb.

20 — 2

154 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

2a. Antennae slender

3. Elytra coriaceous, membranal nervures stout, usually with numerous very

short branches 4.

3a. Elytra submembranous, subiridescent, nervures slender, not or scarcely

branching 6.

4. Small, slender, cinereous elytra ( j) biackburni, White.

4.a. Small, stout, purplish-brown elytra {4) morai Kirk.

4^. Large, elongate 5.

5. Corium yellow, apically dark reddish (5) sharpianus Kirk.

5^. Corium reddish or cinereous {&) subrufus, White.

6. Elytra stouter, reddish or pale reddish cinereous {2) tarai Kirk.

da. Elytra very thin, pale greenish or yellowish testaceous (/) innotatus^ White.

(i) Reduviolus innotatus, F. B. White.

Nabis innotatus F. B. White, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 112.
Plate V. fig. 32.

Recognized by the pale silvery-green colour, (usually) immaculate scutellum, and
thin, iridescent elytra.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona (common), 2000 — 6000 ft. (July to September), Kilauea
(August). — Oahu, Waianae Mts. (April). I have seen 25 examples.

(2) Reduviolus tarai, sp. nov.

Plate V. fig. 40.

Closely allied to R. innotatus but ruddy-tinged, the elytra stouter and with the
nervures more pronounced and the male hook is slightly different.

Elongate, pale sanguineotestaceous (sanguineous colour more pronounced on
head, thorax and elytral nervures). Elytra immaculate, membrane hyaline subiridescent,
nervures pale cinereous. Scutellum immaculate. Under side pale flavo-testaceous,
sterna more or less tinged with sanguineous. Head as long as pronotum, nearly twice
as long as width of anterior margin of pronotum, base 2|- wider than anterior margin.
Width across eyes slightly more than anterior margin. First segment of anterior
third greater than head, second three-eighths greater than ist, slightly greater than
third, which is one-half greater than fourth.

Posterior femora slender, anterior femora comparatively slender. Central area of
membrane with two longitudinal streaks, no offshoots.

Long. 7^ — 9 mm. ; lat. i^ — 2\ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 5000 ft. (June) ; Lanai, 2000 ft. (February) ; Molokai,
3000 ft. (June). — Oahu, Waialua, Koolau range (March), — Kauai, Halemanu (May).
I have seen eight specimens.

Varies a little in degree of sanguineousness.

HEMIPTERA

155

(3) Reduviolus blackburni, White.

Nabis blackburni White, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 373.

Closely allied to R.ferus (Linn.)— very variable, but almost always pale brownish
cinereous in ground colour.

** Common amongst long grass in damp hollows on the higher mountains"
(White).

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa, 5000 ft. (October, November) ; Kilauea (August) ; Kona,
1500 — 5000 ft. (June — September). — Maui, Haleakala, 4000 — 5000 ft. (October). —
Lanai, Halepaakai, 2000 ft. (February, July, September). — Molokai Mts., 3000 ft.
(September). — Oahu, south-east coast (January) ; Honolulu, 2000 — 2500 ft. (February,
August) ; Waianae Mts. (April) ; Kaala Mts. (August). — Kauai, Koholuamano, 4000 ft.
(April) ; Waimea Mts. (May, June). Laysan (Bremen Museum). I have examined 47
specimens.

This species is remarkable for extending its range to the lonely reef of Laysan, well
beyond Kauai.

(4) Reduviolus morat^ sp. nov.

Plate V. fig. 39.

Belongs to the typical subgenus by the structure of the wings and femora, but has
much the appearance of a Hoplistoscelis.

Robust, not elongate, pilose (elytra very minutely so). Dark sanguineous ;
antennae dilute, second segment obscurely annulate at the apex, fourth more or less
fumate. Head marked with brownish-grey as in most of the other species of the
subgenus. Large medio-anterior spot and the lateral margins narrowly, of scutellum,
black. Head beneath and sterna black. Elytra pale pinkish-brown, spotted with
brown, membrane slightly fumate, marked with ash-brown. Wings dark fumate.
Femora more or less obscurely spotted with brownish-black, anterior pair more or less
black beneath. Apex of tarsal segments and the claws blackish. Abdomen above
more or less blackish at sutures, upper part of each connexival segment black. Abdomen
beneath sanguineous. Head slightly widened behind the eyes. Pronotum and elytra
punctured, the former minutely. Elytral nervures stout. Apex of corium sinuate.
Posterior femora slender, more or less curved. Rostrum reaching to middle of meso-
sternum. Head as long as the second segment of antennae, which is three-fifths
longer than the first, slightly longer than the third, which is slightly longer than
the fourth. Base of pronotum 2\ times as wide as the collar.

$. Abdomen laterally rounded, extending beyond lateral margins of elytra.

Long. 7| — 8^ mm. ; lat. 2^^ — 2\ mm.

156 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft (October). — Lanai, 2000 ft (June) ; Halepaakai
(July). — Molokal (July). — Oahu, Waialua, Koolau range, 2000 ft. (April). — Kauai,
4000 ft. (July, August). I have seen 14 examples of this somewhat variable species.

The elytra are sometimes pale cinereous, pronotum posteriorly much marked with
brown. Whole under surface dark brown. Legs darker and femora distinctly annulate
with black and brown.

(5) Reduviolus sharpianus, sp. nov.

Plate V. fig. 36.

Tylus, base of head, pronotum, apical third of elytra, scutellum, genital segments,
abdomen beneath etc. sanguineous. Head, lateral margin of pronotum, central line
along scutellum, abdomen above, sterna (in part) black. Antennae, rostrum, and legs
pallid (more or less sanguineous) flavous, apex of femora and base of tibiae sanguineous,
apex of tibiae and of each tarsal segment blackish. Connexivum sanguineous spotted
with black. Membrane cinereohyaline ; nervures pale lilac-brownish. In structure and
size similar to R, rubritinctus (and also often in colour and pattern), distinguished by
the slender basal segment of antennae.

Hab. Kauai, High Plateau (August), 4000 ft. (July). I have seen five examples.

(6) Reduviolus subrufus^ White.

Nabis subrufus White, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist. (4) xx. p. 112.
N, oscillans Blackburn, 1888, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) 111. p. 352.
N, koelensis Blackburn, loc. cit.

Plate V. figs. zi & 38.

I have unfortunately not been able to see the type, and the species remains to me
somewhat enigmatical. I have before me some 59 examples, varying very greatly
among themselves both in colour and structure, which I cannot separate satisfactorily
owing to linking forms. Blackburn (who has kindly lent me the mutilated type of his
species) has separated oscillans from subrufus by its different colour and by the lobes of
the pronotum being *' considerably and regularly contracted towards the front," but
neither of these points appears more than varietal. R. koelensis also (judging from the
sadly mutilated type) is only a somewhat undeveloped form of subrufus. The difference
in the neuration of the membrane seems to me also only variational.

Hab. Hawaii, 4000 ft. (July, August); Kaumanu, 2000ft (January); Kilauea,
Hilo Road (June to August); above Hilo (December); Olaa (November). — Maui,
Haleakala, 4000 to 5000 ft (May, October) ; Jao Valley (March). — Molokai (June). —
Oahu, Waialua, Koolau range, 2000 ft. (April) ; Kauoloa gulch (April) ; Honolulu,
2000 ft. (October) ; Pipturus (November). Its headquarters are in Hawaii.

HEMIPTERA

(j) Reduviolus rubritinctus, Blackburn.

157

Nabis rubritinctus Blackburn, 1889, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) in. p. 351.
Plate V. fig. 33.

Distinguished in both sexes by the incrassate basal segment of the antennae. Very-
variable in colour and pattern.

Hab. Honolulu, 2000 to 3000 ft. (June, December) ; near Waialua, Koolau range ;
N. Koolau (August) ; Halemano, 2000 ft. (December). I have seen 15 examples.

(8) Reduviolus lusciosus, White.

Nabis{}) lusciosus White, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 112.

N. (?) curtipennis Blackburn, 1889, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iii. p. 353.

N, lasciosus Leth. and Sev., Cat. gen. Hemipt. in. p. 210.

Plate V. figs. 34, 35.

In a series of 55 examples, I cannot separate R. lusciosus from curtipennis.
A specimen of the former, donated probably by White, is in the British Museum, and
the type of the latter was kindly lent me by its describer. Between the two forms
I have before me every gradation, the different variations occurring in both sexes ;
there is also considerable diversity in the reduction of the elytra, one specimen being
almost apterous. The male hooks vary a little, but not more I think than occurs in
R, ferns (Linne). A', lusciosus is remarkable for the fact that the ocelli are absent, even
in the most developed forms. Whether it is the brachypterous form of one of the other
macropterous species, I am not able to decide definitely, but I think not.

Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (September, November) ; Kona, 2000 ft. (July, September) ;
Kilauea, 4000 ft. ; Hilo Road (August) ; Kaumana, 2000 ft. (January). — Maui, Jao
Valley (March); Haleakala, 4000 to 5000 ft. (March, April, October); West Maui,
4000 ft (April). — Molokai, 4000 to 4500 ft. (June, July). — Oahu, Honolulu Mts.
(January, February, August, September, November) ; Waianae, 2000 ft. (February);
Pipturus, back of Tantalus (December).

Fam. GERRIDAE.
MiCROVELiA, Westwood.

Microvelia Westwood, 1834, Ann. Soc. Ent. France iii. p. 647; Kirkaldy, 1901,

Entomologist, p. 218.
Hydroessa Burmeister, 1835, Handb. Entom. 11. p. 213 ; Kirkaldy, 1899, Entom.

p. 113.
? Veliomorpha de Carlini, 1895, Ann. Mus. Genov. xxxv. p. 120.
A cosmopolitan genus, the species fond of islands.

158 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Microvelia vagans, F. B. White.

Microvelia vagans F. B. White, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 374.

This beautiful little species may be distinguished by the antennal proportions, viz. :
first segment about one-third longer than the second, which is about one-seventh shorter
than the third, fourth twice as long as second. The posterior tibiae are destitute of long
bristly hairs, the head is immaculate (except for the silvery lateral pubescence), the
pronotum not carinate and the posterior femora unarmed.

van One apterous specimen has the head very widely fulvous.

I have seen the type (Perth Museum) ; and eight other examples (including
apterous forms),

Hab. *'Not uncommon on running water'* (White). — Oahu, N. W. Koolau range
(May, July) ; Lanai, 2000 ft. (December), Perkins.

Halobates Eschscholtz.

Halobates Eschsch., 1823, Dorpat Naturw,, Abh. i. p. 163 (Entomogr. i. p. 106) ;

F. B. White, 1883, Voy. Challenger, Hemipt. p. 23.
A cosmopolitan pelagic genus. It is recorded from the Oligocene, but this almost
certainly refers to Metrobates or allied freshwater genus.

(i) Halobates sericeus, Eschsch.

Halobates sericetis Eschsch., 1823, Dorpat Naturw., Abh. i. p. 165; F. B. White,
1883, Voy. Challenger, Hemipt. p. 47, PI. i. fig. 7.

Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu (Mus. Bremen) ; distributed all over Pacific Ocean
from Japan to San Francisco and from Cape Horn to the Hawaiian Isles, but less
abundant on the South Pacific ; North Atlantic Ocean at Cape de Verde. March, April,
June, July, October (probably all the year round). Not taken by Mr Perkins.
[Recorded also from Madagascar and Cape of Good Hope, but possibly in error.]

[(2) H, germanus White, 1883, Voy. Challenger, Hemipt. p. 50, PI. i. fig. 6, will
probably also be found off the coasts of our group.]

Fam. PYRRHOCORIDAE

( := Lygaeidae + Pyrrhocoridae auctt.)

Subfam. PYRRHOCORINAE.

AsTEMMA Lep. Serv.

Astemma Lepeletier St Fargeau and Serville, 1825, Enc. M6th. x. p. 323.
Dysdercus Am. Serv., 1843, Hemipt. p. 272.

HEMIPTERA 159

Another almost cosmopolitan genus, not yet however recorded from New Zealand
or from the Northern parts of the Palaearctic Region. Two species are recorded by
Scudder from the Oligocene of Colorado.

(i) Astem7na peruvianus, Guerin.

Lygaeus peruvianus Guer., 1838, Voy. Coquille, Ins. p. 178 [1831, PL xii. fig. 16].

Hab. Oahu, Honolulu (Stal) ; '' I have three specimens... of what I believe to be
this," obtained singly by sweeping ferns at a considerable elevation on the Waianae
Mountains, and Haleakala, Maui (Blackburn, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iii, p. 344).
Mr Perkins has not collected it and it is unknown to me. It has been recorded also
from California, Puna, and Guayaquil. Distant (1883, Biol. Centr. Amen, Rhynch. i.
p. 233) mentions *'/?. ferrugineus from Honolulu. ..probably a MS. name of the late
Dr Stal."

Subfam. PACHYMERINAE,

( = Aphaninae or Rhyparochrominae auctt.)

Orthoea Dallas.

Orthoea Dallas, 1852, List Hem. ir. p. 532.

Pamera Leth. and Sev., 1894, Cat. gen. Hemipt. 11. p. 191 (nee Say typ.).

Another almost cosmopolitan genus, which (or one very closely allied) occurs not
infrequently in Prussian amber and various other early Kainozoic formations ; also
a close relation from the English Lower Lias.

(i) Orikoea nigriceps, Dallas,

Rkyparochromtis nigriceps Dallas, 1852, List Hem. 11. p. 577.

Pamera nigriceps Stal, 1874, Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. xii. no. i, p. 152 ;
F. B. White, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 369.

Hab. '* a common species on low plants and under stones etc., but not occurring
below about 1000 ft. above sea-level " (White). — Hawaii, Kona, 2000 to 4000 ft. (August).
— Maui, Haleakala, 4000 ft. (October).— Molokai Mts. 3000 ft. (June).— Oahu, Honolulu
(Stal); Mts. behind Honolulu, 2000 ft. (April); N. Koolau (July, August); Waianae
Mts., leeside, 2000 to 3000 ft. (February). — Kauai, 4000 ft, (October). I have examined
from these 20 examples, mostly dark-coloured.

F. H. III. 21

i6o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Reclada White.

Reclada F. B. White, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 370.
This genus is quite unknown to me.

(i) Reclada moesta, F. B, White.

Reclada moesta White, 1878, loc. cit
Confined to the Hawaiian Isles.

Clerada Signoret.

Clerada Sign., 1863, Maillard's Reunion, ed. 2, vol. 11. Annexe J. p. 28.

This genus is unknown to me, and as the description is in a somewhat inaccessible
work, it is reproduced here.

** Genre remarquable par la position qu'occupent les ocelles au-dessous des yeux
de chaque cote de la tete, et non sur le vertex comme dans la plupart des Lygaeites.
Ce genre viendrait, a cause des divers caracteres que nous allons enoncer, se ranger
apres les Rhyparochromides dont il a le facies, car il ressemble a premiere vue a un
Platygaster, et avant les Anthocorides. Tete triangulaire en avant, avec un faible
tubercule pour Tinsertion des antennes. Troisieme article des antennes le plus petit,
premier article plus court que la tete. Rostre de 4 articles, le troisieme tres long, le
quatrieme le plus court. Yeux moyens. Ocelles tres apparents et loges au-dessous de
ceux-ci et de chaque cote du col, qui est aussi gros que la tete au-dela des yeux. Mem-
brane avec 4 nervures plus ou moins flexueuses et libres. Pattes greles."

(i) Clerada apicicornis, Signoret.

Clerada apicicoi'-nis Sign., 1863, Maillard's Reunion, ed. 2, vol. 11. Annexe J. p. 28;
PL XX. fig. 8.

'* Brun fonce avec le rostre et les pattes jaune-testace ; le dernier article des
antennes blanc-jaunAtre. Pour la couleur, la taille et laspect en general, cette espece
ressemble beaucoup au Platygaster ferrugineus Linn^, mais il s en eloigne et par le
caractere important des ocelles et par les cuisses anterieures greles. Tete plus longue
que large, tres triangulaire en avant, aussi large posterieurement qu'au-dela des yeux.
Antennes noires sauf le dernier article, et les articulations p^iles. Prothorax trap6zoide,
le c6t6 le plus ^troit en avant, bords lateraux legerement releves et sinueux. Ecusson

HEMIPTERA i6i

aplati, l^gerement caren6 a rextremite, qui est tres acuminee. Elytres brunes avec une
large bande laterale testac6e. Abdomen car^ne. Pattes jaunes."

Hab. " Taken by beating dead branches of a species of palm in mountain forests "
(F. B. White). Also obtained from Reunion (Signoret) ; Celebes, Bengal, Cuba, St
Thomas, Venezuela, etc.

Subfam. CYMINAE.
Sephora gen. nov.

Very like Cymodema Spinola, but the antennae have a much longer second segment.
From Arphnus Stal it differs by the tylus not exceeding the bucculae. Also very like
Cymus Hahn, but more elongate and the elytra more parallel-sided, the eyes remote
from the pronotum, rostrum much shorter, etc.

Elongate, subparallel-sided ; closely punctured ; vertex a little flatter than in Cymus
and the eyes distinctly not nearly touching the anterior margin of the pronotum.
Rostrum reaching to the middle of the mesosternum, first segment reaching to the
middle of the prosternum. Anterior lobe of pronotum scarcely carinate. Anterior
femora a little more swollen medianly than in Cymus.

$. Abdominal segments beneath, parallel ; abdomen apically rounded.

$. Abdominal segments: fourth segment slightly angularly-emarginate, fifth and
sixth apically acutangularly emarginate ; abdomen apically acuminate. (Segments as in
Cymus but proportions slightly different.) Type S. criniger, White.

(i) Sephora criniger, F. B. White.

Cymus criniger F. B. White, 1881, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 57.

Plate V. fig. 45.

The head, the base of the anterior lobe of the pronotum (widely), the anterior part
of the scutellum, etc., are black (as described by White), but these parts are so densely
and closely covered by the pallid pilosity that they appear — in fresh specimens — to be
pale flavescent.

In one of the specimens (from Lanai) the left antenna is deformed, consisting of
two stout, soldered, segments, which are twisted subobliquely. In another specimen,
the second segment of the antennae is distincdy longer on the left side than on the
right ; antennal irregularities are not uncommon in this family'. The average antennal

* J. W. Douglas has discussed this at some length in the Ent. Monthl. Mag. 11. p. 270, ni. p. 200, and
xni. p. 189. Douglas seems to believe that these malformations are due to reproduction of missing segments
in the imaginal instar, destroyed by predaceous Coleoptera, etc. ; but I believe that, in most cases at least,
they are due to damage suffered in the ultimate or penultimate nymph-instars. In the same Magazine,
F. B. White (xiv. p. 93) and F. Buchan-Hepburn (xiv. p. 256) record similar abnormalities in Cimicidae,
Miridae, etc., while scattered details have been noted elsewhere from time to time.

21 — 2

1 62 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

proportions are : second segment about twice the first and about one-half longer than
the third, which is a trifle longer than the incrassate fourth.

Hab. " Very rare. Under stones on Haleakala, Mauai, at an elevation of
5000 ft/* (White). — Lanai, 2000 — 3000 ft. (January, February), Perkins. — Molokai
Mts. 3000 — 4500 ft. (May, June, August), Perkins. I have examined 22 specimens.

(2) Sefihora calvus, White.

Cymus calvus White, 1881, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 56.

This species, which I do not know, must be close to S. criniger. White mentions
that a specimen of this, too, has one of the antennae malformed,

Hab. Oahu. '* Very rare. Under stones on the mountains near Honolulu, at an
elevation of about 2000 ft.'' (White).

Subfam. ASTACOPINAE,
( = Lygaeinae auctt.)

Nysius Dallas.

Nysius Dallas, List Hem. 11. p. 331.

A remarkable cosmopolitan genus — probably of old geologic origin^ — of some
seventy-five to eighty species, of which nearly one-half are exclusively (so far) insular,
five having been recorded from New Zealand and Tahiti, White and Blackburn have
described 13 species from our fauna and Mr Perkins has collected a fair number of
specimens, many of which appear to represent new species. Unfortunately I have not
been able to see a single type except N, coenulosus Stal, so that I have, for the present,
omitted consideration of these variable and inconspicuous forms. I merely describe
three which appear to me to be indubitably new.

(i) Nysius ochriasisy sp. nov.

Pale flavous ; apical half of fourth rostral segment, sterna medianly, femoral macu-
lations, etc., black ; eyes and pronotal punctures reddish-brown ; elytra pale cinereo-
flavous, semihyaline, nervures pale flavescent; membrane yellowish-hyaline. Sterna
strongly punctured with reddish-brown ; stink orifices pale luteo-testaceous. Compara-
tively superficially and sparsely punctured, keels of pronotum and scutellum impunctate ;
head and pronotum pubescent, except tylus and pronotal callosities. Bucculae nearly
touching base of head, basal half depressed ; first segment of rostrum a trifle longer than

^ Five species are recorded by Scudder from the Oligocene of Colorado.

HEMIPTERA i6

bucculae, second reaching to apical margin of mesosternum, third to apex of intermediate
coxae, fourth to apex of posterior coxae. Eyes prominent, not touching pronotum.
First segment of antennae reaching a little beyond apex of head, half the length of the
second which is subequal to the third and to the fourth. Mesosternum sulculate,
scutellar carina scarcely callose. Eyes and head a little wider than pronotal apical
margin ; base of pronotum truncate, three-fourths wider than apical margin, which is
about as wide as the length of the pronotum. Vertex three times as wide as one eye ;
pronotum two-fifths longer than the head.

J. Sixth and seventh abdominal sternltes slightly roundly emarginate, eighth
rounded posteriorly.

$, Sixth and seventh angularly emarginate.

Long. 4^ — 4f mm. ; lat. -^ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (August) ; Hualalai, 8000 ft. (August). I have seen eight
examples of this very distinct species.

(2) Nysius saundersianus, sp. no v.

Head smooth, shining, black (except sublaterally beneath) ; an interrupted stripe
narrowing from vertex to clypeus, the pedicillate part of the eyes, etc., pale flavous.
First segment of antennae pallid, more or less black medianly ; second black basally
and subapically, pallid apically and subbasally ; third and fourth more or less fumate or
black, the former clothed with pallid hairs. Pronotum, scutellum and elytra pale cinereo-
flavous, the last subhyaline ; the first sparingly brunneopunctate except on the callosities
and on the subcallose laevigate basal margin and also along the medio-longitudinal line.
Scutellum posteriorly black ; apical margin of corium irregularly nebulose-fumate. Pro-
sternum and propleura pallid, except a black spot on the latter ; the former more or less
narrowly medianly black except laterobasally. Orifices and ambulacra pallid. Legs
pallid, femora sparingly punctured with brown. Connexivum spotted with black
beneath. Tibiae sometimes banded brown and pallid. Bucculae as in A^. ochriasis, but
the elevated part a little shorter. Rostrum not reaching to apex of intermediate coxae.
Head with eyes one-third broader than long. Vertex slightly narrower than the two
eyes together. Second segment of antennae 2\ times as long as the first, a trifle longer
than the third, which is subequal to the fourth. Pronotum not carinate longitudinally,
twice as wide at base as at apex, mediolaterally subreflexed, distinctly roundly emargi-
nate apically, base distinctly rounded, lateral margins sinuate. Pronotum and scutellum
sparingly punctured, pleura more or less punctured. Lateral margins of elytra not, or
only very slightly, roundly arched.

<J. Abdominal sternites blackish-brown, laterally more or less pallid, base of
posterior femora and tibiae black-brown. Black encroaches often on to the elytra.
Seventh sternite apically straight.

1 64 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

$. Abdominal sternites pallid except black at the base ; in the middle and at the
sides more or less spotted with brown. Sixth and seventh sternites angularly emargi-
nate.

Long. 5^ — 6f mm. (to apex of abdomen) ; 6f — ']\ mm. (to apex of elytra) ; lat.
2 — 2\ mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 2000 ft. (November); Kilauea (July, August). — Lanai,
2000 ft. (January). — Molokai, 4500 ft. (September). I have examined 11 specimens,
collected by Mr Perkins.

I have much pleasure in dedicating this to my kind friend, Mr Edward Saunders.

(3) Nysius kamehameha, sp. nov.

Very similar to N, delectus, White, but larger, hairier, more densely punctured, and
more so on pronotum.

Head, laevigate (not callose), part of pronotum, central carina, pronotal punctures,
base and posterolateral angles, scutellum, claval commissure, apical margin of corium,
antennae (except pallid base of first segment), eyes, etc., blackish. [Some punctures
only narrowly encircled with blackish.] Head, sterna, pronotum, scutellum and elytra
thickly covered with yellow hairs. Head immaculate. Pronotum pallid greenish-
cinereous (except as above). Basal half of rostrum pallid, apical half black. Apex of
second and of third segments of antennae very narrowly rufous. Elytra subhyaline,
pale (greenish-) cinereous. Beneath blackish ; ambulacra, basal margin of meso- and
metasternum pallid ; abdominal sternites sanguineous, basally more or less blackish.
Legs pallid, femora striped and thickly spotted with black. Third tarsal segments and
apex of tibiae blackish. Pronotum strongly pit-punctured. Elytra somewhat super-
ficially transversely rugulose (not punctured). Second segment of antennae 2f longer
than the first and one-fourth longer than the third. Head one-fourth wider across the
eyes than long, a little shorter than pronotum. Vertex two-sevenths wider than the
eyes together. Pronotum nearly twice as wide at base as at apex. Rostrum
extending as far as or a little beyond the intermediate coxae. Elytra slightly rounded
laterally.

%, Sixth and seventh abdominal sternites apically angularly emarginate.

Long. ^\ mm. ; lat. 2-| mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Hualalai, 5000 ft. (August), Perkins.

Subfam. METRARGINAE (nov).

Allied to subfam. Cyminae by the dilated costal area, which is very much wider
than the abdomen ; by the position of the spiracles, etc., but distinguished from it (and
from all other Pyrrhocoridae known to me) by the hamus of the alar areole being
continuous, extending from the vena subtensa upwards to the upper vein.

HEMIPTERA 165

Ocelli present. Membrane without basal cells ; with four veins, the interior vein
furcate. Femora scarcely incrassate, not spinose. Abdominal segments all attaining
the lateral margins of the body, ventrally. Last three visible spiracles (on fifth, sixth,
and seventh segments) situated ventrally near the lateral margins of the abdomen.

Metrarga F. Bi White.
Metrarga F. B. White, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p, 370.

Confined to the Hawaiian Isles.

Lightly pubescent. More or less elongate-ovate ; above plane, somewhat convex
beneath. Head subquadrilateral, anteriorly produced ; and compressed, strongly con-
vexly elevate. Tylus prominent, arched exteriorly in front of the juga. Vertex
destitute of a sulcus in front of the ocelli, which are a little nearer to the eyes than to
one another and close to the base of the head. Eyes small, oblique, not touching
pronotum. Antenniferous tubercles exteriorly strongly spined. First segment of
antennae always extending well beyond apex of head. Rostrum reaching at least to
posterior coxae, first segment reaching about to the base of head. Pronotum punctured,
transverse, lateral margins carinately subacute, sinuate ; latero-posterior angles callosely
prominent ; base subtruncate. Scutellum punctured, a little longer than wide ; tricarinate,
radiating from the centre (as in Nysius), Sterna punctured, abdomen smooth. Con-
nexivum subvertical. Elytra minutely, not strongly, punctured, comniissura clavi shorter
than the scutellum ; costal margin more or less rotundate, explanate, subreflexed,
extending laterally well beyond the abdomen ; apical margin of corium strongly sinuate,
exterior angle acutely produced, not reaching beyond apex of abdomen. Legs moderate ;
coxae not remote ; femora subequal, scarcely incrassate, not spinose. Stink orifices
large, auriculate.

^. Abdominal segments beneath subparallel, straight, the sixth and seventh
apically more or less roundly emarginate, sometimes almost straight.

%. Abdominal segments beneath : second to fifth subparallel, straight, sixth to
seventh angularly (sometimes profoundly so) emarginate.

1. Pronotum toothed anterolaterally (/) nuda White.

\a, Pronotum rounded anterolaterally .' 2.

2. Membrane large, extending considerably beyond apex of corium, nervures

distinct ; posterior femora stout ( j) contracta Blackb.

2a, Membrane small, scarcely extending beyond apex of corium, nervures indistinct ;

posterior femora slight {4) villosa White.

(i) Metrarga nuda, White.

Metrarga nuda F. B. White, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist. (5) i. p. 371.
= .^ M, obscura Blackburn, 1888, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) in. p. 347.

1 66 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

Plate V. figs. 41 & 42.

Varying from brownish cinereous to pale reddish-brown or dark red-brown ; mottled
with testaceous or flavotestaceous. Head, a smooth sinuate transverse stripe on
pronotum, etc. black. Legs blackish-brown, pallidly annulate. Posterior part of
scutellum often pallid. Membrane dilute fumate, spotted with whitish. Bucculae
reaching almost to base of head. Second segment of antennae one-sixth longer than
the third which is one-fifth longer than the fourth, second three-quarters longer than the
first. Anterolateral angles of pronotum with a distinct spine. Posterior femora not
reaching to apex of abdomen.

^. Rostrum reaching to middle of third abdominal segment ; sixth and seventh
segments beneath slightly roundly emarginate.

$. Rostrum passing slightly beyond posterior coxae ; seventh abdominal segment
beneath deeply angularly emarginate.

Long. 6\ — 9 mm. ; lat 4 — 4I mm.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 2000 to 4000 ft. (July to September and November) ;
Kuanui ridge (November) ; Kilauea, 4000 ft. (August) ; Kaumana, Hilo, 2000 ft
(January) ; Olaa (June, September, November, December). — Maui, Waimea Mts., Jao
Valley (March). — Oahu, Kaala, 3000ft. (January), Perkins, Honolulu; Pipturus, back
of Tantalus (August).

This is a species very variable in colour, within the limits of browns. Its head-
quarters seem to be in Hawaii, and it is the least rare of the species.

(2) Metrarga obscura, Blackburn.

Metrarga obscura Blackburn, 1888, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iii. p. 347.

According to Blackburn, this differs — beyond unimportant colour characters — by
the seventh sternite being much less emarginate apically in the female.

Hab. Hawaii, and vegetable refuse on Mauna Loa, 4000 ft. (Blackburn).

(3) Metrarga contracta, Blackburn.

Metrarga contracta Blackburn, 1888, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) in. p. 347.

Plate V. fig. 43,

Head, apical fourth of pronotum, the pronotal laevigation, anterior part of scutellum
and the abdomen above, black, thickly covered with yellowish-golden hair. Eyes
reddish-brown. Ocelli pale amber or reddish. Head beneath and sterna black with
yellow hairs, ambulacra and the posterior margin of metasternum more or less pallid.
Rostrum reddish-brown. First three segments of antennae pale reddish-brown, fourth
black. Pronotum and scutellum (except as above) pale olivaceous or brownish, punctured

HEMIPTERA 167

with blackish-brown. Posterior margin of pronotum (narrowly) and the scutellum
posteriorly, flavous. Elytra blackish-brown, closely spotted with fuscotestaceous, the
spots larger on the costal area, membrane fumate, spotted with testaceous. Legs dark-
brown, anterior and intermediate femora pallidly annulate near the apex ; posterior
femora pallidly biannulate near the apex ; tibiae annulate near the apex. Connexivum
above pallid. Abdominal sternites brownish-black.

Head above obscurely rugose punctured, beneath and sterna strongly and freely
punctured, pronotum and scutellum strongly punctured, medianly carinate. Bucculae
reach to base of head. Rostrum very long. Antennae seven-tenths of the length of the
bug, first segment a little incrassate, second one-half to three-fourths longer than first,
slightly longer than the third, one-fourth to one-fifth longer than the fourth, which is
fusiform. Pronotum with smooth, short, undulate, subelevate transverse area ; a little
wider basally than apically, anterolateral angles broadly rounded, lateral margins sinuate.
Pronotum a trifle more than twice as wide as long. Elytra finely rugose punctured,
lateral margin of corium straight for about one-eighth of its length, then strongly
arcuately dilated, apical margin roundly sinuate. Membrane large, extending con-
siderably beyond apex of corium, nervures pronounced. Posterior femora stout, first
tarsal segment longer than second and third together, third longer than second.

J. Rostrum reaching to apex of posterior coxae or slightly beyond ; sixth sternite
apically slightly roundly emarginate, seventh somewhat deeply so.

?. Rostrum reaching to base of fourth abdominal segment ; sixth sternite apically
somewhat deeply; seventh less deeply, angularly emarginate.

Long. 7 — 9 mm.

Hab. Oahu, Konahuanui ridge (November), Perkins ; Konahuanui, 2500 ft. among
decayed leaves, Blackburn ; not rare among rotten leaves, etc. at the foot of a precipice
on the mountains five or six miles from Honolulu, White; N. Koolau (July). — Lanai,
2000 ft.,' December ; Halepaakai (July), Perkins. I have seen only six specimens.

(4) Metrarga villosa, White.

Metrarga villosa White, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 371.

Plate V. fig. 44.

Similar to M. contrada, but the pronotum is a little narrower behind and shorter ;
the lateral margins of the corium a little less straight anteriorly ; the membrane scarcely
reaching beyond the apex of the corium, the nervures little apparent, the posterior
femora less stout and not nearly reaching as far as the apex of the abdomen.

First and second segments of antennae (and sometimes the third partly) pallid

fuscous, the fourth (and sometimes the third) fumate. Costal area spotted. Apical half

of posterior femora pallid, basal half black. Venter brownish, mottled with pallid ;

femora and tibiae all biannulate, Bucculae reaching to about two-thirds the length of

F. H. III. 22

1 68 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

head. Second and third segments of antennae equal, each one-third longer than the
fourth, two-thirds longer than the first. Rostrum reaching to base of fourth abdominal
segment, first segment reaching slightly beyond base of head. Anterolateral margins of
pronotum rounded

$. Sixth abdominal sternite angularly emarginate apically ; seventh acutangularly
emarginate.

Long. 5 — ^\ mm. ; lat. 2\ — 3 mm.

Hab. Maui, Lahaina, 3000 ft., Koebele. — Oahu, not rare among rotten leaves, etc.
at the foot of a precipice on the mountains five or six miles from Honolulu (White) ;
Honolulu, 2000ft. (June); Waiolani (June).

The ground colour varies from brownish-cinereous to brownish-black. None of the
five examples I have seen possess the villosity characterized by White.

The general characters forbid its being a brachypterous form of contracta.

Fam. NAEOGEIDAE.

(=Hebridae auctt.)

Merragata F, B. White.

Merragata F. B. White, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 113.
Lipogomphus Berg., 1879, An. Soc. Cient. Argent. (Hemipt. Argent, p. 286); and
1883, op. cit. IX. p. 14 (Addenda, Hem. Arg. p. 116).

A Central and South American genus, probably introduced into the Hawaiian
Isles.

(i) Merragata hebroides, F. B. White.

Merragata hebroides F. B. White, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 114, and
1878, op. cit. (5) I. p. 366 ; Champion, Biol. Centr. Amer. Heteropt. 11. p. 122,
PI. VIII. fig. 7.

** On small stagnant pools formed by the temporary overflow of streams on the
higher mountains. When the pools dry up the insect frequents the holes where the
water has been" (White). Found also in Mexico.

I have examined the type and another example in the Perth Museum, and there is
also another in the British Museum. Mr Perkins has not taken it.

The Hawaiian examples are a trifle larger than the Mexican, one female measuring
just over two millimetres in length.

Hab. Hawaiian islands (Blackburn). No one island mentioned.

HEMIPTERA 169

Fam. LYGAEIDAE, KIrkaldy.

( = Coreidae Leth. and Sev., 1894, Cat. gen. Hemipt. 11. p. i.)

Subfam. CORISCINAE Kirk.

( = Alydidae Leth. and Sev., op. cit p. 105.)

Ithamar, gen. nov.

Probably related to Apidaurus Stal (which I know only by description). The
absence of the spine at the apex of the posterior tibiae, and the second segment of the
antennae longer than the first, which reaches well beyond the apex of the head, will
distinguish it from the other allied genera with remote posterior legs. It is exceedingly
like, in general appearance, Daclera punctata Signoret from Reunion \ but differs by
the proportions of the antennae, position of the eyes and ocelli, etc. Superficially
resembling Reduviolus innotatus. White. Somewhat depressed. Head one-sixth longer
than pronotum, anteocular part twice as long as postocular ; juga not extending
anteriorly quite so far as the tylus. Eyes remote from pronotum ; ocelli about as far
distant (or a trifle more) from one another as from the eyes, and placed near the base
of the head, below the posterior margins of the eyes. Bucculae short, reaching a trifle
beyond the insertion of the antennae, but not so far as the apical margin of the eyes.
Segments of rostrum somewhat subequal, first not reaching to base of head, fourth not
quite reaching posterior coxae. Antennae about two-thirds of the length of the body,
fourth segment about two- fifths longer than the third, which is subequal to the second
and about three-fifths longer than the first, which extends for half its length beyond the
apex of the head ; fourth incrassate, thicker than second and third but not so thick
as the first. Pronotum densely impresso-punctate ; carinate longitudinally (posteriorly
evanescent) ; transversely impressed in the middle, just behind the apical margin ;
lateral margins sinuate, base truncate, about twice as wide as apical margin. Meso-
sternum deeply longitudinally sulcate. Elytra hyaline, impunctate, nervures strong,
membranal nervures numerous, feeble ; apical margin of corium sinuate. Stink-gland
orifices not very distinct. Anterior coxae almost contiguous, intermediate coxae a little
less remote than the posterior, which are inserted about as far from one another as from
the lateral margins of the sterna. Anterior and intermediate femora, tibiae and tarsi
respectively subequal in length ; posterior femora twice as long as either of the other
pairs ; posterior tibiae about two-thirds longer than anterior. First segment of posterior
tarsi a little longer than the second and third together. Posterior femora incrassate,
strongly spinose beneath in a double series, not quite reaching apex of abdomen ;
posterior tibiae a little compressed, stout, strongly curved, not spinose (even at the
apex).

^ In Maillard's Reunion, PI. xx. fig. 7.

22 — 2

I70 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

$, Seventh segment above, apically rounded (no genital segments visible), a little
longer than the sixth ; beneath sinuately rounded.

?. Seventh segment above shorter than the sixth, apically sinuately truncate,
emarginate in the middle.

(i) Ithamar hawaiiensis, sp. nov.

Plate V. fig. 46.

Pale flavocinereous ; vertex with a U, the sides narrowly passing between ocellus
and eye, a median line on anterior half of pronotum, lateroposterior angles of the latter,
abdomen above (except connexivum and sometimes apex more or less, pallid), apex of
second segment of antennae, spines of posterior femora, apex of posterior tibiae, third
segment of tarsi and claws in all legs — black or blackish. Head beneath and sterna
pale fulvotestaceous, abdomen beneath and legs pale griseoflavous, posterior femora
generally more or less spotted with black. Fourth segment of antennae brownish ;
corial nervures brownish or reddish-brown. Connexivum flavostramineous, internally
margined narrowly with sanguineous.

$. Genital segments sanguineous.

t. A trifle smaller usually than %,

Long. 8^ — 9^ mm. (to apex of abdomen); 9 — 10 mm. (to apex of elytra); lat
2 — 2-| mm.

Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 7000 — 10,000 ft. (May); Lahaina, 2000 ft. (January),
Perkins. — Molokai Mts., 3000 ft. (June). — Oahu, S. E. Coast (January).

Rhopalus Schilling.

Rhopalus Schilling, 1829, Beitr. Ent. Schles. l p. 26 ; Fieber, 1861, Europ. Hem.

p. 232.
Corizus Signoret, 1859, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 75; Lethierry and Severin,

1894, Cat. gen. Hemipt. 11. p. 115.

Cosmopolitan ; several species recorded from the early Tertiaries.

(i) ? Rhopalus kyaltnuSy Fabricius.

Lygaeus hyalinus F'abr., 1794, Ent. Syst. iv. p. 168.

Three specimens are doubtfully referred to this widely spread form.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 2000 ft. (April), one example. — Oahu, Waianae Coast
(April), two examples.

HEMIPTERA 171

Fam. CIMICIDAE.

Subfam. CIMICINAE.

( = Asopidae, Leth. and Sev., 1893, Cat. gen. Hemipt. i. p. 202.)

Oechalia,
Oechalia Stal, 1862, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxiii. p. 93.
Australia, New Zealand and the Hawaiian Isles. Only two species are known.

(i) Oechalia griseus, Burm.

Asopus griseus Burmeister, 1834, Nov. Act. Ac. Leop. xvl SuppL p. 293.

Anna patruelis Stal, 1859, Eugenies Resa Hem. p. 220.

A, pacifica Stal, op. cit. p. 221.

Oechalia patruelis and paci/icaVslhii^, 1878, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. pp. 366 — 7 ;
Blackburn, 1889, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) in. p. 343.

Plate V. figs. 47 & 48.

This is one of the most variable Cimicidae known to me. I have examined
43 individuals, and the variations are apparently distributed through the Islands, and the
intermediate forms between the extreme varieties seem quite sufficient for their inclusion
under one species. The two most dissimilar forms of pronotal structure are figured.
The length of the bug varies from 8^ — 13^ mm., and the ground colour from a beautiful
deep metallic green above and reddish below, to dull yellowish-brown above and pale dirty
fuscous below, or on the other hand, deep brown, almost black, above and below. The
extreme posterior part (the so-called ''apex" of authors) of the scutellum is usually pale
flavous, but sometimes unicolorous with the general scutellar ground colour.

Hab. '' Extremely abundant on forest trees, especially AlcMiHtes, at almost all
elevations exceeding 1000 ft." (Blackburn). Hawaii, above Hilo, 1800 ft. (December);
Kona, 2000—4000 ft. (June to August and November). — Molokai Mountains, 3000 to
3500 ft. (July). — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (March, April, October). — Lanai, Mt. Koele
(February), Perkins. — Oahu, Burmeister and Stal, Kaala Mts., on fern, 2000 ft. (March,
April, August), Perkins ; Honolulu, Stal, 2000 ft. (April and October) ; Waianae Mts.,
3000ft. (April); Waianae coast (April);, Kawailoa gulch, very far up (March and
April). —Kauai, 2000 — 3000 ft. (January, February), Perkins.

Subfam. PENTATOMINAE.
Eysarcoris Hahn.

Eysarcoris Hahn, 1834, Wanzen. Insect. 11. p. 66.

Distributed well throughout the Old World. Recorded from the Tortonian of
Baden.

172 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

(i) Eysarcoris insularis, Dallas.

Pentatoma insularis Dallas, 1851, List, i. p. 228.

Hab. ** Sandwich Isles" (Dallas). [Is this perhaps the Isle in the S. Pacific?]
Only known to me by the type in the British Museum.

Subfam. CYDNINAE,

Geotomus Mulsant and Rey.

Geotomus Muls. Rey, 1866, Punaises France, i. p. 34.
Almost cosmopolitan.

( I ) Geotomus pygmaeus, Dallas.

Geotomus pygmaeus Dallas, 185 1, List Hem. i. p. 129; Signoret, 1883, Ann. Soc.

Ent. France (6) iii. p. 51, PI. iii. fig. 160.
G. jucundus F, B. White, 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. no.
G, subtristis F. B. White, op. cit. p. in.

This variable little species has been recorded from India, Ceylon, Java, Sumatra,
Borneo, Cochin China, Celebes, New Caledonia, etc., under a great number of names.

Hab, *' Widely distributed and pretty common, living under stones and about the
roots of herbage, not confined to the mountains" (Blackburn). Dark van Hawaii,
Kona, 1800, 3000 and 4000 ft. (September) ; Kilauea (August). — Molokai coast (April) ;
mountains, 4000 ft. (June) ; Makakupaia (July). — Oahu, Halemano, 2000 ft. (February),
Perkins, I have seen 10 Hawaiian specimens. Pale var. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft.
(August), Perkins. One example only.

Subfam. SCUTELLERINAE,

CoLEOTiCHUs A. White.

Coleotichus A. White, 1839, Mag. Nat. Hist. 11. p. 541.

Distributed thoughout Australian Region, also from Formosa and the Moluccas.

(i) Coleotichus blackbwniae, F. B. White.

Coleotichus blackburniae F. B. White, 188 r, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii. p. 52.
C blackburni Leth. and Sev., 1893, Cat. gen. Hemipt. i. p. 15.
Plate V. fig. 49.

This handsome species was described from a specimen preserved in alcohol.
When mature, the upper surface is refulgent emerald-green with a well-marked crimson

HEMIPTERA 173

keel from the apex of the head to the posterior end of the scutellum, and the pronotum
and scutellum are very closely irrorated with crimson. The green ground colour is
very closely punctured with golden-green and bluish-green. The bug is certainly green
with crimson markings, not vice versa as White has described.

Hab. Hawaii, Kona, about 2500 ft. (September), Perkins. — Oahu, Konahuanui,
2000 ft., Blackburn ; Honolulu, on flowers, mountains, Blackburn, 2000 ft., Perkins. —
Kauai, Waimea Mountains, 3000 ft (May), Perkins ; Halemanu (May), Perkins. I have
seen only eight specimens. Blackburn (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iii. p. 344) notes a
mutilated Coleotichus *' taken from a spider's web at Konahuanui, Oahu, at an elevation
of some 2000 ft, which appears to be distinct from C. blackburniae White. It is more
elongate, with the surface of the thorax uneven.''

Bibliographic List.

The literature relating to the Hawaiian Fauna is as follows. The Coccid records
have been noted separately at the end.

Blackburn, T. '* Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian Islands." Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iii.

(1888), pp. 343 — 354. (Notes and descriptions.)
BuRMEiSTER, H. ** Rhyngota in Meyen's Reise urn die Erde." Acta Acad. Leop. Carol xvi. (1834),

p. 293. {X>Q^c\v^l\on oi Asopus griseus.)
Dallas, W. S. List spec. Hemipt. British Museum (1851), p. 228. (Descr. Pentatoma insuiaris,)

. Op. cit. (1852), p. 577. (Descr. Rhyparochromus nigriceps)

KiRKALDY, G. W. '^Eine neue Hawaii'sche Fulgoriden-Gattung und Art." Entom. Nachr. xxv.

(1899), p. 359. (Descr. Phalainestkes schauinsiandi.)
Reuter, O, M. '*Monogr. Anthocoridarum,'' Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv. (1885), pp. 555—758-

(Revised descriptions of the then known Hawaiian forms.)
SiGNORET, V. *' Revue iconographique Tettigonides." Ann. Soc. Ent. France (3) n. (1854), p. 15.

(Descr. Teitigonia varicolor)
Stal, C. '*Nya Hemiptera." Oefv. Vetensk. Akad. Forh. XL (1854), p. 246. (Descriptions.)

. *' Eugenics resa." Insekter (1858), pp. 220, 221, 243, 255, 275,291,292, (Various descriptions.)

. "Enumeratio Hemipterorum L" Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. xl no. i (1870), p. 121.

(Locahty of Dysdercus peruvianus.)
. '^Enumeratio Hemipterorum IV." Op. cit. xn. no. i (1874), pp. 121 & 152. (Notes on

Nysius caenosulus and Pamera nigrkeps.)
White, F. B. W. '* Descriptions of new species of Heteropt. Hemipt. coll. Hawaiian Islands by

Blackburn.'^ No. i. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. (1877), pp. 110—114^ (Various descriptions.)
. ** Descriptions of new species of Heteropt. Hemipt. coll. Hawaiian Islands by Blackburn."

No. 2. Op. cit. (5) L (1878), pp. 365—374. (Further descriptions.)

174 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS

[White, F. B. W.] " Descriptions of new species of Heteropt. Hemipt. coll. Hawaiian Islands by
Blackburn." No. 3. Op. cit. (5) vn. (1881), pp. 52 — 59. (Further descriptions.)

. "Descriptions of new Anthocoridae." Entom. Monthl. Mag. xvi. pp. 146 — 147. (Further

descriptions.)

Also references in Walker's, Atkinson^s, and Lethierry & Severin's Catalogues.

COCCIDAE,

(I have not seen the papers marked *.)

CocKERELL, T. D. A. " Miscellaneous Notes on Coccidae." Canad. Ent. xxxvii. (1895), pp. 253
— 261. (Note on Asterolecanium pustulans.)

** Notes on the geographical distribution of Scale Insects." Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xvii. (1895),
p. 621.

"A Check-Hst of the Coccidae." Bull. Illinois State Exp. Sta. iv. (1896), pp. 318—339.
"First supplement'' to above. Op. cit. v. (1898), pp. 389 — 398.

**San Jose Scale and its Insect allies." Bull. U. S, Dep. Agric, Techn. sen 6 (1897), p. 22.
"Food-plants of Scale Insects." Proc. U. S. Nat Mus, xix. (1897), pp. 725—785,
"The Coccidae of the Sandwich Isles." Entom. xxxi. (1898), pp. 239, 240.
"The Coccidae of the Sandwich Isles." Op. cit. xxxii. (1899), pp. 93 & 164.
*Craw, a. " Injurious Insect Pests found on trees and plants from foreign countries." 5th Bien. Rep.
State Board Hortic. Cala. (1896), pp. 33" 35» I^^s. vn— viii.

. "A List of Scale Insects found upon plants entering the port of San Francisco." Bull. U. S.

Dep. Agric, Techn. ser. 4 (1896), p. 40.
Howard, L. O. & Marlatt, C. L. " The San Jose Scale." Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr., new ser. 3 (1896),
p. II.
*KoEBELE, A. Rep. Ent. Hawaiian Govt for 1897 (1898).

. Rep, Ent. Hawaiian Govt, for 1898 (1899), p. 8i.

[There may also be information in other of these reports, but Mr Koebele, being away, has not
replied to my requests for information.]
Maskell, W. M. "Further Coccid Notes." Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxv. (1893), pp. 201—252,
Pis. XI — XVIII.

. "Synoptical hst of Coccidae reported from Australasia and the Pacific Islands." Op. cit.

xxvii. (1895), pp. 1—35.

. "Further Coccid Notes." Op. cit. (1895), PP- 3^— 75s Pis. i— vii.

. *' Further Coccid Notes," etc. Op. cit. xxix. (1897), pp. 293—331, Pis. xviii— xxn.

. " On a collection of Coccidae, principally from China and Japan." Ent. Monthl. Mag. (2) viii.

(1897), pp. 239—244.
Townsend, C. H. T. "Some Mexican and Japanese Injurious Insects, etc." Bull U. S, Dep. Agric,
Techn. ser. 4 (1896), p. 10.

[I have not seen the recent monographs of Leonardi, Berlese, and others, in which there is
possibly information.]

ADDENDUM.

Cockerell does not consider Mytilaspis beckii to be identical with pinnaeformis
(see Proc. Philad. Acad. 1899, P- 275, and Science, xv. 1902, p. 744).

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IV. (VOL. III.)
HEMIPTERA.

Hevaheva perkinsi Kirk.

„ „ $ genital segment in profile.

Trioza iolani Kirk.

„ „ $ genital segment in profile.

lolania perkinsi Kirk.

„ „ ? genital segment in profile.

„ „ ,, „ seen from below.

„ „ $ head and pronotum.

Oliarus tamehameha Kirk.

„ „ $ genital segment from below.

„ „ „ „ in profile.

„ „ 9 genital segment from below.

„ „ head and pronotum.

O, kanakanus Kirk., head and pronotum.
O. hevaheva Kirk.
O. opuna Kirk.

„ „ head and pronotum.

O. tarai Kirk.

„ „ head and pronotum.

Fig. 9. O, tarai var. morai Kirk.
Fig. 10. O, orono Kirk.
Fig. II. O. koanoa Kirk.
Fig. ii«. „ „ head and pronotum.

Fig. 12. Sulamita lunalilo Kirk., macropterous form (light coloured).

Fig.

\a.

Fig.

2a.

Fig.

3^.

Fig.

Zb.

Fig.

3^-

Fig.

4a.

Fig.

4^.

Fig.

4(r.

Fig.

4^.

Fig.

7^.

Fig.

Fig,

Za,

Fig.

I2fl.

„ ,, (dark colour

Fig.

12^.

neuration of hind wing.

Fig.

12^:.

head and pronotum in profile.

Fig.

13.

brachypterous form.

Fig.

14.

macropterous form underneath.

Fig.

15.

Nesidiorchestes hawaiiensis Kirk. $,

Fig.

15a.

„ head in profile.

Fig.

16.

„ ventral aspect.

Fig.

16a,

„ clasps.

Fig.

17.

AUoeocranum

biannuUpes

', Montr.

Fig.

18.

Pseudoclerada

morai Kirk, c?, macropterous form.

Fig.

1 8a.

head and eyes above.

Fig.

18^.

head in profile.

Fig.

19.

5 , brachypterous form.

Fig.

20.

»>

5 , ventral aspect.

Fig.

20a.

head above.

Fig.

20b.

head in profile.

Fig.

20C.

neuration of hind wing.

Fig. 21, Baracus hawaiiensis Kirk., head, pronotum, and scutellum in profile.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE V, (VOL. III.)
HEMIPTERA.

Fig. 2 2. Kamehameha lunalilo Kirk.

Fig. 22a. ,, „ head in profile.

Fig. 23. Sarona adonias Kirk.

Fig. 23^. „ ,, head in profile.

Fig. 24. Orthotylus daphne Kirk.

Fig. 25. ,, „ var. kassandra Kirk.

Fig. 26. O, azalais Kirk.

Fig, 27. O. kanakanus Kirk., $ head above.

Fig. 27a. „ „ ? „

Fig. 28. O, kekek Kirk.

Fig. 29. Opuna hawaiiensis Kirk., head and pronotum.

Fig. 30. Oronomiris hawaiiensis Kirk., head and pronotum.

Fig. 30a. „ „ „ „ in profile.

Fig. 31. Psallus sharpianus Kirk.

Fig, 32. Reduviolus innotatus White.

Fig. 2)Z^ R. rubritinctus Blackburn, head and antennae.

Figs. 34 & 35. R> lusciosus White.

Fig. 34a. „ „ $ hook.

Fig. 36. R, sharpianus Kirk,

Figs. 37 & TyZ, R. subrufus White.

Fig. 37«;. „ ,, $ hook.

Fig. 39. R. morai Kirk.

Fig. 39^. „ „ $ hook.

Fig. 40. R> tarai Kirk., $ hook.

Fig. 41. Metrarga nuda White.

Fig. 41^. „ „ head in profile.

Fig. 42. „ „ $ beneath.

Fig. 42^. „ „ stink-gland orifices.

Fig. 42^. „ „ ? genital segments beneath.

Fig. 43. M. contracta Blackb.

Fig. 43dr. „ „ neuration of hind wing.

Fig. 43^. ,, „ $ genital segments below.

Fig. 44, M, villosa Blackb.

Fig. 44a. „ „ V genital segments below.

Fig. 45. Sephora criniger White, head and pronotum (left antenna malformed).

Fig. 46. Ithamar hawaiiensis Kirk., head and pronotum.

Fig. dfoa, „ „ „ „ in profile.

Figs. 47 & 48. Oechalia griseus Burm., head and pronotum of the two extremest forms.

Fig. 48^. „ „ stink-gland orifice.

Fig. 49. Coleotichus blackburniae White.

Fig. 50. Nesiomiris hawaiiensis Kirk., head and pronotum.

Fig. 50^. „ „ „ „ in profile.

■■■■■:-^:;::-jj

■■■?.

■#:

ZOOLOGrlCAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty
Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896, and 1897, by
Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Balfour Student of the
University of Cambridge. Demy 4to. Parts I, II, and III. Price 12^. 6^. each.
Parts IV and V. Price 21s. each. Part VI (completing the work). Price 125. 6d.

PART L 1898.
The anatomy and development of Peripattis novae-britanniae. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, M.A., D.Sc.

With Plates I. — IV. and 7 figures in the text.
Metaprotella sandalensis, n. sp. [CaprelHdae], By Dr PAUL MAYER. With 6 figures m the text.
On a little-known Sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

With Plate V.
Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK. With Plate VI.
Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S.

With Plates VII.— IX.
Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK. With Plates X. and XI.

PART II. 1899.

7. Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.

With Plates XII.— XVL

8. Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY BELL, M.A.

With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text.

9. Holothurians. By V, P. Bedford, B.A. With figures on Plate XVI L

10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By ARTHUR E. Shipley, M.A. With Plate XVIII.

11. On the Solitary Corals. By J, STANLEY Gardiner, M.A. With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

12. On the postembryonic development of Cycloseris. By J. STANLEY Gardiner, M.A.

With figures on Plates XIX. and XX.

13. On a collection of Earthworms. By P^rank E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S. With Plate XXI.

14. The Gorgonacea. By ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc. With Plates XXII. and XXIII.

PART III. 1899.

15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By HANS Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.

With Plates XXIV.—XXV. and one text-figure.

16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. By Arthur

WiLLEY, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab. With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and seven text-figures.

17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, with an attempt

to revise the group and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A.
With Plate XXXIII.

PART IV. 1900.

18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Coenopsammia from Lifu. By J. STANLEY

Gardiner, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plate.

19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate.

20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A., Lecturer of Selwyn

College, Cambridge. With four plates.

21. Report on the Slugs. By WALTER E. COLLINGE, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham

With two plates.

22. Report on the Polyzoa. By E. G. PliiLlPPS, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two plates.

23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By LAURA ROSCOE Thornely, University College, Liverpool.

With one plate.

24. Astrosclera willeyana, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. LiSTER, M.A.,

St John's College, Cambridge. With five plates.

25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of tHe Megapodii. By W. P.

Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate.

26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., Beyer Professor

of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester.
With two plates.

27. Report on the Xeniidae. By J. H. AsHWORTH, B.Sc, Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens College,

Manchester. With two plates.

PART V. 1900.

28. A Description of the Entozoa collected by Dr Willey during his sojourn in the Western

Pacific. By Arthur E. Shipley, M.A. With Plates LIV.— LVI.

29. On some South Pacific Nemertines collected by Dr Willey. By R. C. PUNNETT,

With Plates LVIL—LXL

30. On the Young of the Robber Crab. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A. With figures in the text.

31. Anatomy of Neohelia porcellana (Moseley). By EDITH M. PRATT, M.Sc.

With Plates LXIL and LXIII.

32. On a new Blind Snake from Lifu, Loyalty Islands, By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S.

With figures in the text.

33. On Crustacea brought by Dr Willey from the South Seas. By the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, F.R.S.

With Plates LXIV.— LXXIV.

PART VL 1902.

34. Contribution to the Natural History of the Pearly Nautilus. By Arthur Willey, D.Sc, F.R.S.

I. Personal Narrative. IL Special Contribution.
With Plates LXXV.— LXXXIIL, a map and fifteen text-figures.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

aonUon: FETTER LANE, E.G.

C. F. CLAY, Manager

BOUND

"Wft i> ...a

UNtVERSlTY OF MICHIGAN

3 9015 02630 5378

11'

.'■■■■)

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "Fauna hawaiiensis;"

See other formats